Greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) under different fertilization treatments in the rice-wheat cropping system.

Greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) under different fertilization treatments in the rice-wheat cropping system.</p

Total crop yield kg ha^-1 for the rice-wheat cropping system.

Total crop yield kg ha-1 for the rice-wheat cropping system.</p

Seasonal variation of nitrous oxide (N₂O) (μg m^-2 h^-1) emission fluxes from rice-wheat cropping systems in three annual cycles during the period of 2012–2015.

The error bars show standard errors of the mean (n = 3) and arrows indicate fertilizer application times.</p

Distribution of daily precipitation (mm) and daily mean air temperature (°C) for the experimental period of 2012–2015 in Chaohu, China.

Distribution of daily precipitation (mm) and daily mean air temperature (°C) for the experimental period of 2012–2015 in Chaohu, China.</p

Effects of fertilizer application schemes and soil environmental factors on nitrous oxide emission fluxes in a rice-wheat cropping system, east China - Fig 2

Seasonal variation in (a) daily soil temperature°C (0–10 cm), and water-filled pore space (WFPS %), and (b) daily changes in soil electrical conductivity (EC, dS/m) in the rice-wheat cropping system from 2012–2015.</p

Cumulative N₂O fluxes and estimated GWP (global warming potential) under different fertilization treatments in the rice-wheat cropping system.

Cumulative N2O fluxes and estimated GWP (global warming potential) under different fertilization treatments in the rice-wheat cropping system.</p