sj-pdf-1-pss-10.1177_09567976221143127 – Supplemental material for Contactless Real-Time Heart Rate Predicts the Performance of Elite Athletes: Evidence From Tokyo 2020 Olympic Archery Competition

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pss-10.1177_09567976221143127 for Contactless Real-Time Heart Rate Predicts the Performance of Elite Athletes: Evidence From Tokyo 2020 Olympic Archery Competition by Yunfeng Lu and Songfa Zhong in Psychological Science</p

Supramolecular Assemblies with Tunable Morphologies from Homopolymeric and Small Organic Molecular Building Blocks

This work demonstrates the formation of micrometer-sized supramolecular assemblies with tunable morphologies using a homopolymer, poly(4-vinylpyridine), and a small organic acid, 5,7-dodecadiynedioic acid, as the building molecules. Three different morphologies (hollow spheres, solid spheres, and rods) were obtained, depending on the molar ratio of the building molecules. It is proposed that hydrogen bonding between P4VP and DCDA and the π−π stacking of the diacetylenic moieties are responsible for the formation of these assemblies. Interestingly, ordered hexagonal and lamellar mesostructures were also formed within the microstructure during the co-assembly process. As a result, UV irradiation of the supramolecular assemblies polymerized the diacetylenic moieties, resulting in cross-linked and responsive blue polydiacetylenic assemblies that can change color to red upon external stimuli (e.g., thermal stimuli). This work provides a novel concept of the synthesis of responsive supramolecular assemblies from a homopolymer and small organic molecules

l‑Asparaginase <i>In Situ</i> Encapsulated into Zwitterionic Nanocapsules with a Prolonged Half-Life

The heterologous origin of the enzyme usually induces some unwanted enzyme-related complications including immunological responses and decreased plasma half-life, which limits its greater therapeutic effects and applications in patients. Poly­(zwitterion) offers a promising opportunity to evolve a generation of nanoparticles with their huge potential to prevent the nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules and enormous capacity to preserve the circulation half-lives and divert the recognition of the mononuclear phagocytic system. In this study, we encapsulated the l-asparaginase enzyme in superbiocompatible phosphorylcholine polymer shells, forming a zwitterion-coated enzyme nanocapsule. This formulated structure presents the encapsulated enzyme with an improved stability against proteolysis, extended half-life in vivo, and lower immunogenicity after repeated treatments. Such nanocapsules along with these improved characteristics propose an alternative delivery platform for l-asparaginase to break through the previous limitations and translate more efficiently to clinical applications. The demonstrated technology presents a suitable approach for enzyme delivery, but it can also be used to encapsulate the emerging classes of protein therapeutics, bioimaging agents, and biosensors

Building Robust Carbon Nanotube-Interweaved-Nanocrystal Architecture for High-Performance Anode Materials

Rational design of electrode materials is essential but still a challenge for lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we report the design and fabrication of a class of nanocomposite architecture featured by hierarchically structured composite particles that are built from iron oxide nanocrystals and carbon nanotubes. An aerosol spray drying process was used to synthesize this architecture. Such nanoarchitecture enhanced the ion transport and conductivity that are required for high-power anodes. The large volume changes of the anodes during lithium insertion and extraction are accommodated by the particle’s resilience and internal porosity. High reversible capacities, excellent rate capability, and stable performance are attained. The synthesis process is simple and broadly applicable, providing a general approach toward high-performance energy storage materials

Observation of Nucleation and Growth of CdS Nanocrystals in a Two-Phase System

The nucleation and growth kinetics of CdS nanocrystals in a two-phase synthesis system have been investigated. It was found that the nucleation process is quite lengthy and overlapped with the growth process; nevertheless, as formed nanocrystals show extremely narrow size distribution owing to the unique heterogeneous reacting environment and Ostwald ripening growth. The nucleation and growth kinetics of the nanocrystals were also influenced strongly by the monomer concentration, capping agent concentration, and solvent polarity. It was also found that a high monomer concentration, a low capping agent concentration, and low solvent polarity lead to a higher maximum nucleus concentration and nanocrystal concentration, while high polarity solvents are favorable for the formation of nanocrystals with narrower size distribution and higher photoluminescence quantum yield

Seeding-Growth of Helical Mesoporous Silica Nanofibers Templated by Achiral Cationic Surfactant

Helical mesoporous silica nanofibers with parallel nanochannels were synthesized in high yield via a novel seeding-growth method by using the achiral cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as template without auxiliary additives. A general entropy-driven model taking into account the icelike structure water due to the hydrophobic effect was proposed to explain the formation of helical mesoporous silica nanofibers. It was indicated that helical silica mesostructures could result from a thick layer of highly ordered icelike water around thin silicate seed rods with a proper concentration, which was verified by the effect of various anions and organic additives on the formation of helical mesoporous silica

Encapsulating Therapeutic Proteins with Polyzwitterions for Lower Macrophage Nonspecific Uptake and Longer Circulation Time

Numerous efforts have been made to promote the efficiency of protein delivery through tuning the protein surface properties such as grafting polymers on protein surface, but limited successes have been achieved, and their great clinical expectation has not yet been realized. The main reason is that proteins are readily recognized as foreign materials under physiological conditions due to the genetic distance between species, leading to rapid decrease in activity and clearance by mononuclear phagocyte system. In this study, we encapsulated proteins within nonfouling polyzwitterionic shells, which offer the protein with the significantly improved stability, reduced phagocytosis, and prolonged circulation time. Exemplified with urate oxidase (UOx), the encapsulated UOx noted as n­(UOx) could facilely escape from macrophage uptake in medium with or without serum. In contrast, the native protein rapidly induced high-uptake and accumulated into the macrophages under the same conditions. Moreover, the similar result is also observed in liver-resident kupffer cells, which were isolated from the mice after treated with fluorescent-labeled native UOx and n­(UOx). Furthermore, n­(UOx) exhibited significantly improved stability in vivo and a more than eightfold improvement in circulation time when compared with native UOx. Because of its superior ability to reduce macrophage uptake and promote the circulation time, this technique also makes it an ideal candidate for the enhancement of targeting efficiency in drug delivery and biodetection, which affords an alternative method for diverse medical applications

Water-Medium Clean Organic Reactions over an Active Mesoporous Ru(II) Organometallic Catalyst

Water−medium clean organic reactions including isomerization and hydrogenation were carried out over a Ru(II) mesoporous organometallic catalyst (Ru-MOC) synthesized based on surfactant-directed coassembly of a bridged Ru(II) organometallicsilane and tetraethoxysilane. Owing to the large surface area, the ordered mesoporous channels, and the highly dispersed Ru(II) active sites, the activity and selectivity of the Ru-MOC catalyst are much higher than that of the immobilized Ru(II) catalyst obtained through regular grafting technology. The Ru-MOC catalyst exhibited similar activity and selectivity to the corresponding homogeneous Ru(II) organometallic catalysts. However, it could be easily separated and recycled, thus will reduce the cost significantly and even avoid the environmental pollution caused by heavy metallic ions in industrial application. The correlation of catalytic performance to structural characteristics was discussed based on detailed characterizations

High-Performance Sodium-Ion Pseudocapacitors Based on Hierarchically Porous Nanowire Composites

Electrical energy storage plays an increasingly important role in modern society. Current energy storage methods are highly dependent on lithium-ion energy storage devices, and the expanded use of these technologies is likely to affect existing lithium reserves. The abundance of sodium makes Na-ion-based devices very attractive as an alternative, sustainable energy storage system. However, electrodes based on transition-metal oxides often show slow kinetics and poor cycling stability, limiting their use as Na-ion-based energy storage devices. The present paper details a new direction for electrode architectures for Na-ion storage. Using a simple hydrothermal process, we synthesized interpenetrating porous networks consisting of layer-structured V₂O₅ nanowires and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This type of architecture provides facile sodium insertion/extraction and fast electron transfer, enabling the fabrication of high-performance Na-ion pseudocapacitors with an organic electrolyte. Hybrid asymmetric capacitors incorporating the V₂O₅/CNT nanowire composites as the anode operated at a maximum voltage of 2.8 V and delivered a maximum energy of ∼40 Wh kg^–1, which is comparable to Li-ion-based asymmetric capacitors. The availability of capacitive storage based on Na-ion systems is an attractive, cost-effective alternative to Li-ion systems