Table_1_Nitric oxide promotes energy metabolism and protects mitochondrial DNA in peaches during cold storage.docx

The mitochondria are important organelles related to energy metabolism and are susceptible to oxidative damage. In this experiment, peaches (Prunus persica) were treated with distilled water (as the control), 15 μmol L−1 of nitric oxide (NO), and 20 μmol L−1 of carboxy-PTIO (NO scavenger). The changes in mitochondrial physiological indicators, energy metabolism process, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and repair were quantified. Compared with the control, NO treatment reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption and the reactive oxygen species content, increased mitochondrial respiration control rate, and promoted energy metabolism by influencing the activities of citrate synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and ATPase activity in peach mitochondria. NO treatment also maintained the relative copy number of mtDNA and the relative amplification of long PCR in peaches, decreased the level of 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine, and upregulated the expression of PpOGG1, PpAPE1, and PpLIG1. These results indicated that exogenous NO treatment (15 μmol L−1) could reduce mtDNA oxidative damage, maintain mtDNA molecular integrity, and inhibit mtDNA copy number reduction by reducing the reactive oxygen species content, thereby promoting mitochondrial energy metabolism and prolonging the storage life of peaches at low temperatures.</p

RNA-Seq analysis of salinity stress–responsive transcriptome in the liver of spotted sea bass (<i>Lateolabrax maculatus</i>)

<div><p>Salinity is one of the most prominent abiotic factors, which greatly influence reproduction, development, growth, physiological and metabolic activities of fishes. Spotted sea bass (<i>Lateolabrax maculatus</i>), as a euryhaline marine teleost, has extraordinary ability to deal with a wide range of salinity changes. However, this species is devoid of genomic resources, and no study has been conducted at the transcriptomic level to determine genes responsible for salinity regulation, which impedes the understanding of the fundamental mechanism conferring tolerance to salinity fluctuations. Liver, as the major metabolic organ, is the key source supplying energy for iono- and osmoregulation in fish, however, little attention has been paid to its salinity-related functions but which should not be ignored. In this study, we perform RNA-Seq analysis to identify genes involved in salinity adaptation and osmoregulation in liver of spotted sea bass, generating from the fishes exposed to low and high salinity water (5 vs 30ppt). After <i>de novo</i> assembly, annotation and differential gene expression analysis, a total of 455 genes were differentially expressed, including 184 up-regulated and 271 down-regulated transcripts in low salinity-acclimated fish group compared with that in high salinity-acclimated group. A number of genes with a potential role in salinity adaptation for spotted sea bass were classified into five functional categories based on the gene ontology (GO) and enrichment analysis, which include genes involved in metabolites and ion transporters, energy metabolism, signal transduction, immune response and structure reorganization. The candidate genes identified in <i>L</i>. <i>maculates</i> liver provide valuable information to explore new pathways related to fish salinity and osmotic regulation. Besides, the transcriptomic sequencing data supplies significant resources for identification of novel genes and further studying biological questions in spotted sea bass.</p></div

The top 15 enriched KEGG pathways in the DEGs.

<p>The top 15 enriched KEGG pathways in the DEGs.</p

qRT-PCR validation of 10 differentially expressed genes generated from RNA-Seq results in the liver of spotted sea bass.

<p>The expression levels of the selected genes were each normalized to that of the <i>18S</i> gene. Gene abbreviations are: <i>slc6a15</i>, solute carrier family 6 member 15; <i>slc43a3</i>, solute carrier family 43 member 3; <i>slc39a4</i>, solute carrier family 39 member 4; <i>slc5a8</i>, solute carrier family 5 member 8; <i>anxa2</i>, annexin A2; <i>aqp3</i>, aquaporin 3; <i>gpr110</i>, G-protein coupled receptor 110; <i>tmprss13</i>, transmembrane protease serine 13; <i>bhmt5</i>, betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase-5; <i>IL8</i>, interlukin-8.</p

Summary of statistics for Illumina short reads of the liver transcriptome of spotted sea bass.

<p>Summary of statistics for Illumina short reads of the liver transcriptome of spotted sea bass.</p

Self-Assembled PAEEP–PLLA Micelles with Varied Hydrophilic Block Lengths for Tumor Cell Targeting

The properties of hydrophilic shell in micelles significantly affect the interaction between micelles and cells. Compared with frequently used polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the hydrophilic block, polyphosphoesters (PPEs) are superior in functionality, biocompatibility, and degradability. A series of amphiphilic poly­(aminoethyl ethylene phosphate)/poly­(l-lactide acid) (PAEEP–PLLA) copolymers were synthesized with hydrophilic PAEEP with different chain lengths. The corresponding self-assembled micelles were used for doxorubicin (Dox) entrapment. The length of hydrophilic PAEEP block on the shell affected the structure of micelles. PAEEP_<i>m</i>–PLLA₁₆₈ (<i>m</i> = 130 or 37) polymers formed vesicles, while PAEEP_<i>m</i>–PLLA₁₆₈ (<i>m</i> = 15 or 9) formed large compound micelles (LCMs), suggesting a difference in tumor cell uptake and intracellular trafficking. PAEEP₁₅–PLLA₁₆₈ polymer showed superiority on cellular uptake amount, intracellular drug release, and cell apoptosis. Lipid rafts and macropinocytosis are the leading endocytic pathways of PAEEP–PLLA micelles. The shape coupling between micelles and cell membrane facilitated cell surface features such as flattened protrusions (membrane protein) and inward-pointing hollows as well as efficient endocytosis. These results suggested that PAEEP–PLLA self-assembled block copolymer micelles may be an excellent drug delivery system for tumor treatment and that the hydrophilic chain length could regulate drug targeting to tumor cells

Construction of Three New Lanthanide-Organic Frameworks With (3,6)-Connected rtl-Type Topology

<p>Three new isomeric lanthanide-organic frameworks, namely [Nd(mbdc)(NO₃)(H₂O)₂]_n (<b>1</b>), [Sm(mbdc)(NO₃)(H₂O)₂]_n (<b>2</b>), and [Tb(mbdc)(NO₃)(H₂O)₂]_n (<b>3</b>) (H₂mbdc = isophthalic acid), were synthesized through the hydrothermal reactions of Ln(NO₃)₃ (Ln = Nd, Sm, or Tb) and H₂mbdc. Single-crystal X-ray structural analyses reveal that compounds <b>1–3</b> have a three-dimensional framework with (3,6)-connected rtl topology. Furthermore, the luminescent properties of <b>1</b> and <b>3</b> were also investigated at room temperature.</p

Controllable Supramolecular Chiral Twisted Nanoribbons from Achiral Conjugated Oligoaniline Derivatives

The fabrication of supramolecular chiral nanostructures from achiral materials without the need of pre-existing chirality is a major challenge associated with the origin of life. Herein, supramolecular chiral twisted nanoribbons of achiral oligoaniline derivatives were prepared via simply performing the chemical oxidation of aniline in an alcohol/water mixed solvent. In particular, the supramolecular chirality of the twisted nanoribbons could be controlled by facilely tuning the alcohol content in the mixed solvent. A tetra-aniline derivative C₂₄H₂₀O₃N₄ was attested to be the major component of the obtained nanoribbons. The main driving forces for the assembly of the oligoaniline derivative into twisted nanoribbons might be the π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions among the chains which could be modulated by the alcohol content in the mixed solvent. The single-handed twisted nanoribbons could be used to separate chiral phenylalanine from a racemic mixture. Thus, it is highly anticipated that the supramolecular chirality endows π-conjugated molecules with potential application in chiral recognition

DataSheet_1_Root pruning improves maize water-use efficiency by root water absorption.docx

Root systems are an important component of plants that impact crop water-use efficiency (WUE) and yield. This study examined the effects of root pruning on maize yield, WUE, and water uptake under pot and hydroponic conditions. The pot experiment showed that root pruning significantly decreased root/shoot ratio. Both small root pruning (cut off about 1/5 of the root system, RP1) and large root pruning (cut off about 1/3 of the root system, RP2) improved WUE and root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) in the residual root system. Compared with that in the un-cut control, at the jointing stage, RP1 and RP2 increased Lpr by 43.9% and 31.5% under well-watered conditions and 27.4% and 19.8% under drought stress, respectively. RP1 increased grain yield by 12.9% compared with that in the control under well-watered conditions, whereas both pruning treatments did not exhibit a significant effect on yield under drought stress. The hydroponic experiment demonstrated that root pruning did not reduce leaf water potential but increased residual root hydraulic conductivity by 26.2% at 48 h after root pruning under well-watered conditions. The foregoing responses may be explained by the upregulation of plasma membrane intrinsic protein gene and increases in abscisic acid and jasmonic acid in roots. Increased auxin and salicylic acid contributed to the compensated lateral root growth. In conclusion, root pruning improved WUE in maize by root water uptake.</p

Additional file 1 of JMJD3 regulate H3K27me3 modification via interacting directly with TET1 to affect spermatogonia self-renewal and proliferation

Additional file 1: Lentiviral transduction and positive cell clone screen. (A) Lentiviral vector plasmid mapping of PCDHEZH2 and PCDH-JMJD3. (B) Screening for monoclonal positive cells. Scale bar = 50 μm. n =