Depolymerization of ODPA/ODA Polyimide in a Fused Silica Capillary Reactor and Batch Autoclave Reactor from 320 to 350 °C in Hot Compressed Water

Depolymerization of polyimide synthesized from 4,4′-oxidiphthalic anhydride and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether monomers (ODPA/ODA PI) in hot compressed water was carried out in a fused silica capillary reactor (FSCR) and batch autoclave reactor system. The phase behavior of ODPA/ODA PI in water during the heating, reaction, and cooling stages of the process in FSCR was observed with an image recording system from under the microscope. The effects of temperature (320–350 °C) and reaction time (30–90 min) on the depolymerization yield and products yields in batch autoclave reactor were investigated at a fixed H₂O/PI ratio, and optimal conditions were established. Additionally, an understanding of the reaction pathway of ODPA/ODA PI depolymerization in hot compressed water was developed

Predicting Dinitrogen Activation by Carborane-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs

Activation of atmospherically abundant dinitrogen (N2) under mild conditions has been a great challenge in chemistry for decades because of the significantly strong NN triple bond. The traditional strategy of N2 activation was mainly limited to metallic species until the ground-breaking achievement of N2 activation by two-coordinated borylenes was achieved experimentally in 2018. On the other hand, carborane derivatives have attracted considerable interest for small-molecule activation. Still, the utilization of carborane derivatives in N2 activation remains elusive. Here, we design four types of carborane-based frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) to probe their potential for N2 activation by systematical density functional theory calculations. Interestingly, all these carborane-based FLPs are found to become favorable both kinetically and thermodynamically for activating N2 with low reaction barriers (ranging from 13.0 to 25.8 kcal mol–1) and high exothermicity, with ΔG values ranging from −37.5 to −51.0 kcal mol–1, indicating a high potential for metal-free N2 activation under mild conditions. Our study opens an avenue to metal-free N2 activation, highlighting the great importance of carborane derivatives in the field of N2 activation

Predicting Dinitrogen Activation by Carborane-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs

Activation of atmospherically abundant dinitrogen (N2) under mild conditions has been a great challenge in chemistry for decades because of the significantly strong NN triple bond. The traditional strategy of N2 activation was mainly limited to metallic species until the ground-breaking achievement of N2 activation by two-coordinated borylenes was achieved experimentally in 2018. On the other hand, carborane derivatives have attracted considerable interest for small-molecule activation. Still, the utilization of carborane derivatives in N2 activation remains elusive. Here, we design four types of carborane-based frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) to probe their potential for N2 activation by systematical density functional theory calculations. Interestingly, all these carborane-based FLPs are found to become favorable both kinetically and thermodynamically for activating N2 with low reaction barriers (ranging from 13.0 to 25.8 kcal mol–1) and high exothermicity, with ΔG values ranging from −37.5 to −51.0 kcal mol–1, indicating a high potential for metal-free N2 activation under mild conditions. Our study opens an avenue to metal-free N2 activation, highlighting the great importance of carborane derivatives in the field of N2 activation

Image_4_Prevalence and predictive value of sarcopenia in surgically treated cholangiocarcinoma: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.tif

BackgroundSarcopenia, marked by a reduction in skeletal muscle mass and function, is a condition that can manifest in elderly patients with cancer and has been recognized as a possible adverse factor affecting the survival of individuals diagnosed with malignant tumors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the prevalence of sarcopenia in individuals with cholangiocarcinoma while concurrently investigating the potential correlations between the presence of sarcopenia and various critical factors, including survival outcomes and postoperative complications.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI, employing keywords such as sarcopenia, cholangiocarcinoma, and prognosis. This research explored the prognostic value of sarcopenia on the survival of cholangiocarcinoma. The findings of this meta-analysis were presented using forest plots and a summarized effects model. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed to evaluate the quality of the studies included in the analysis.ResultsA total of 33 articles from five databases were in in the quantitative analysis. A comprehensive meta-analysis revealed that the overall prevalence of sarcopenia among individuals diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma was43%. Moreover, the analysis revealed a significant and noteworthy correlation between sarcopenia and key clinical parameters such as overall survival (OS), Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS), and Disease-Free Survival (DFS) in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Subgroup analysis revealed that, when categorized by various ethnicities, diagnostic techniques, and tumor locations, sarcopenia consistently retained its status as a negative predictive factor. Furthermore, sarcopenia has emerged as a risk factor for postoperative complications. All included studies had an NOS score greater than 5, indicating a high quality of evidence.ConclusionThe results suggest that sarcopenia is significantly related to survival outcomes and postoperative complications in cholangiocarcinoma. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia should be implemented to improve the prognosis of individuals with cholangiocarcinoma.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023479866, identifier CRD42023479866.</p

Table_3_Prevalence and predictive value of sarcopenia in surgically treated cholangiocarcinoma: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.docx

BackgroundSarcopenia, marked by a reduction in skeletal muscle mass and function, is a condition that can manifest in elderly patients with cancer and has been recognized as a possible adverse factor affecting the survival of individuals diagnosed with malignant tumors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the prevalence of sarcopenia in individuals with cholangiocarcinoma while concurrently investigating the potential correlations between the presence of sarcopenia and various critical factors, including survival outcomes and postoperative complications.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI, employing keywords such as sarcopenia, cholangiocarcinoma, and prognosis. This research explored the prognostic value of sarcopenia on the survival of cholangiocarcinoma. The findings of this meta-analysis were presented using forest plots and a summarized effects model. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed to evaluate the quality of the studies included in the analysis.ResultsA total of 33 articles from five databases were in in the quantitative analysis. A comprehensive meta-analysis revealed that the overall prevalence of sarcopenia among individuals diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma was43%. Moreover, the analysis revealed a significant and noteworthy correlation between sarcopenia and key clinical parameters such as overall survival (OS), Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS), and Disease-Free Survival (DFS) in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Subgroup analysis revealed that, when categorized by various ethnicities, diagnostic techniques, and tumor locations, sarcopenia consistently retained its status as a negative predictive factor. Furthermore, sarcopenia has emerged as a risk factor for postoperative complications. All included studies had an NOS score greater than 5, indicating a high quality of evidence.ConclusionThe results suggest that sarcopenia is significantly related to survival outcomes and postoperative complications in cholangiocarcinoma. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia should be implemented to improve the prognosis of individuals with cholangiocarcinoma.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023479866, identifier CRD42023479866.</p

Supplemental Material - Factors influencing vertical urban development at the parcel scale: The case in Brisbane, Australia

Supplemental Material for Factors influencing vertical urban development at the parcel scale: The case in Brisbane, Australia by in Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science</p

Image_9_Prevalence and predictive value of sarcopenia in surgically treated cholangiocarcinoma: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.tif

BackgroundSarcopenia, marked by a reduction in skeletal muscle mass and function, is a condition that can manifest in elderly patients with cancer and has been recognized as a possible adverse factor affecting the survival of individuals diagnosed with malignant tumors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the prevalence of sarcopenia in individuals with cholangiocarcinoma while concurrently investigating the potential correlations between the presence of sarcopenia and various critical factors, including survival outcomes and postoperative complications.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI, employing keywords such as sarcopenia, cholangiocarcinoma, and prognosis. This research explored the prognostic value of sarcopenia on the survival of cholangiocarcinoma. The findings of this meta-analysis were presented using forest plots and a summarized effects model. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed to evaluate the quality of the studies included in the analysis.ResultsA total of 33 articles from five databases were in in the quantitative analysis. A comprehensive meta-analysis revealed that the overall prevalence of sarcopenia among individuals diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma was43%. Moreover, the analysis revealed a significant and noteworthy correlation between sarcopenia and key clinical parameters such as overall survival (OS), Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS), and Disease-Free Survival (DFS) in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Subgroup analysis revealed that, when categorized by various ethnicities, diagnostic techniques, and tumor locations, sarcopenia consistently retained its status as a negative predictive factor. Furthermore, sarcopenia has emerged as a risk factor for postoperative complications. All included studies had an NOS score greater than 5, indicating a high quality of evidence.ConclusionThe results suggest that sarcopenia is significantly related to survival outcomes and postoperative complications in cholangiocarcinoma. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia should be implemented to improve the prognosis of individuals with cholangiocarcinoma.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023479866, identifier CRD42023479866.</p

Image_7_Prevalence and predictive value of sarcopenia in surgically treated cholangiocarcinoma: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.tif

BackgroundSarcopenia, marked by a reduction in skeletal muscle mass and function, is a condition that can manifest in elderly patients with cancer and has been recognized as a possible adverse factor affecting the survival of individuals diagnosed with malignant tumors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the prevalence of sarcopenia in individuals with cholangiocarcinoma while concurrently investigating the potential correlations between the presence of sarcopenia and various critical factors, including survival outcomes and postoperative complications.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI, employing keywords such as sarcopenia, cholangiocarcinoma, and prognosis. This research explored the prognostic value of sarcopenia on the survival of cholangiocarcinoma. The findings of this meta-analysis were presented using forest plots and a summarized effects model. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed to evaluate the quality of the studies included in the analysis.ResultsA total of 33 articles from five databases were in in the quantitative analysis. A comprehensive meta-analysis revealed that the overall prevalence of sarcopenia among individuals diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma was43%. Moreover, the analysis revealed a significant and noteworthy correlation between sarcopenia and key clinical parameters such as overall survival (OS), Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS), and Disease-Free Survival (DFS) in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Subgroup analysis revealed that, when categorized by various ethnicities, diagnostic techniques, and tumor locations, sarcopenia consistently retained its status as a negative predictive factor. Furthermore, sarcopenia has emerged as a risk factor for postoperative complications. All included studies had an NOS score greater than 5, indicating a high quality of evidence.ConclusionThe results suggest that sarcopenia is significantly related to survival outcomes and postoperative complications in cholangiocarcinoma. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia should be implemented to improve the prognosis of individuals with cholangiocarcinoma.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023479866, identifier CRD42023479866.</p

Image_10_Prevalence and predictive value of sarcopenia in surgically treated cholangiocarcinoma: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.tif

BackgroundSarcopenia, marked by a reduction in skeletal muscle mass and function, is a condition that can manifest in elderly patients with cancer and has been recognized as a possible adverse factor affecting the survival of individuals diagnosed with malignant tumors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the prevalence of sarcopenia in individuals with cholangiocarcinoma while concurrently investigating the potential correlations between the presence of sarcopenia and various critical factors, including survival outcomes and postoperative complications.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI, employing keywords such as sarcopenia, cholangiocarcinoma, and prognosis. This research explored the prognostic value of sarcopenia on the survival of cholangiocarcinoma. The findings of this meta-analysis were presented using forest plots and a summarized effects model. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed to evaluate the quality of the studies included in the analysis.ResultsA total of 33 articles from five databases were in in the quantitative analysis. A comprehensive meta-analysis revealed that the overall prevalence of sarcopenia among individuals diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma was43%. Moreover, the analysis revealed a significant and noteworthy correlation between sarcopenia and key clinical parameters such as overall survival (OS), Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS), and Disease-Free Survival (DFS) in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Subgroup analysis revealed that, when categorized by various ethnicities, diagnostic techniques, and tumor locations, sarcopenia consistently retained its status as a negative predictive factor. Furthermore, sarcopenia has emerged as a risk factor for postoperative complications. All included studies had an NOS score greater than 5, indicating a high quality of evidence.ConclusionThe results suggest that sarcopenia is significantly related to survival outcomes and postoperative complications in cholangiocarcinoma. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia should be implemented to improve the prognosis of individuals with cholangiocarcinoma.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023479866, identifier CRD42023479866.</p

Image_2_Prevalence and predictive value of sarcopenia in surgically treated cholangiocarcinoma: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.tif

BackgroundSarcopenia, marked by a reduction in skeletal muscle mass and function, is a condition that can manifest in elderly patients with cancer and has been recognized as a possible adverse factor affecting the survival of individuals diagnosed with malignant tumors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the prevalence of sarcopenia in individuals with cholangiocarcinoma while concurrently investigating the potential correlations between the presence of sarcopenia and various critical factors, including survival outcomes and postoperative complications.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI, employing keywords such as sarcopenia, cholangiocarcinoma, and prognosis. This research explored the prognostic value of sarcopenia on the survival of cholangiocarcinoma. The findings of this meta-analysis were presented using forest plots and a summarized effects model. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed to evaluate the quality of the studies included in the analysis.ResultsA total of 33 articles from five databases were in in the quantitative analysis. A comprehensive meta-analysis revealed that the overall prevalence of sarcopenia among individuals diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma was43%. Moreover, the analysis revealed a significant and noteworthy correlation between sarcopenia and key clinical parameters such as overall survival (OS), Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS), and Disease-Free Survival (DFS) in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Subgroup analysis revealed that, when categorized by various ethnicities, diagnostic techniques, and tumor locations, sarcopenia consistently retained its status as a negative predictive factor. Furthermore, sarcopenia has emerged as a risk factor for postoperative complications. All included studies had an NOS score greater than 5, indicating a high quality of evidence.ConclusionThe results suggest that sarcopenia is significantly related to survival outcomes and postoperative complications in cholangiocarcinoma. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia should be implemented to improve the prognosis of individuals with cholangiocarcinoma.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023479866, identifier CRD42023479866.</p