Gene ontology (GO) analysis of differentially expressed proteins.

<p>GO annotations are presented by category: A) biological process B) cellular components C) molecular function.</p

Effect of BCM7 on SOD, GPx, T-AOC, MDA and H₂O₂ in kidney of rats.

<p>SOD(U/mg protein),GPx(units/mg protein),T-AOC(U/mg protein),MDA(nmol/mg protein), H₂O₂(U/mg prote.in).</p><p>(C) Control group; (D) Diabetic group; (BCM7) β-casomorphin-7 treatment group.</p><p>Comparison between D group and C group: **P<0.01; Comparison between BCM7 group and D group: #P<0.05, ##P<0.01.</p

KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed proteins.

<p>Pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the DAVID web application.</p

SOD activity in the NRK-52E cells (n = 4).

<p>NG(normal glucose), HG(high glucose), HM(5.5 mmol/L glucose plus 24.5 mmol/L mannitol), HBCM7(high glucose plus 10⁻⁵ mol/L β-casomorphin-7), MBCM7(high glucose plus 10⁻⁷ mol/L β-casomorphin-7), LBCM7(high glucose plus 10⁻⁹ mol/L β-casomorphin-7), HL(high glucose plus 10⁻⁴ mol/L losartan), ML(high glucose plus 10⁻⁵ mol/L losartan), LL(high glucose plus 10⁻⁶ mol/L losartan), NL(normal glucose plus 10⁻⁴ mol/L losartan). Data are mean ± SEM (n = 4 for each group). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with NG, #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 compared with HG.</p

Representative 2-DE images of proteins extracted from dairy goat liver.

<p>A) Control group; B) High-grain diet group. Equal amounts of protein (850 µg) were loaded and separated on 17-cm IPG strips (pH 3–10), followed by electrophoresis on 12.5% SDS-PAGE gels for second dimension electrophoresis. The gels were stained with CCB G250. Experiments were performed in triplicate.</p

Changes of ACE2 and ACE in the kidney (n = 8).

<p>Data are expressed as mean±SEM (n = 8). (C) Control group; (D) Diabetic group; (BCM7) β-casomorphin-7 treatment group. *P<0.05, comparison between C group and D group. #P<0.05, comparison between D group and BCM7.</p

Content of MDA in the NRK-52E cells (n = 4).

<p>NG(normal glucose), HG(high glucose), HM(5.5 mmol/L glucose plus 24.5 mmol/L mannitol), HBCM7(high glucose plus 10⁻⁵ mol/L β-casomorphin-7),MBCM7(high glucose plus 10⁻⁷ mol/L β-casomorphin-7),LBCM7(high glucose plus 10⁻⁹ mol/L β-casomorphin-7), HL(high glucose plus 10⁻⁴ mol/L losartan), ML(high glucose plus 10⁻⁵ mol/L losartan), LL(high glucose plus 10⁻⁶ mol/L losartan), NL(normal glucose plus 10⁻⁴ mol/L losartan). Data are mean ± SEM (n = 4 for each group). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with NG, #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 compared with HG.</p

Effects of BCM7 on average food intake (A) and water intake (B) in rats (n = 8).

<p>Data are expressed as mean±SEM. (C) Control group; (D) Diabetic group; (BCM7) β-casomorphin-7 treatment group. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 comparison between C group and D group.</p

2-DE patterns of proteins extracted from dairy goat liver.

<p>A. Control group; B. High-grain diet group. Fifty-two differentially expressed proteins showing significant spot intensity changes are marked in A and B. The proteins to which these 52 differentially expressed protein spots correspond are listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0080698#pone-0080698-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p

Identification of differentially expressed liver proteins.

a<p>Numbering corresponds to the 2-DE gel in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0080698#pone-0080698-g001" target="_blank">Fig.1</a>.</p>b<p>The total number of identified peptide.</p>c<p>Increased(>) or decreased(<) compared with the control group.</p