The chloroplast genome of Rosa rugosa × Rosa sertata (Rosaceae): genome structure and comparative analysis

Abstract Rosa rugosa × Rosa sertata, which belongs to the family Rosaceae, is one of the native oil-bearing roses in China. Most research has focused on its essential oil components and medicinal values. However, there have been few studies about its chloroplast genome. In this study, the whole chloroplast genome of R. rugosa × R. sertata was sequenced, analyzed, and compared to other genus Rosa species. The chloroplast genome of R. rugosa × R. sertata is a circular structure and 157,120 bp in length. The large single copy and small single copy is 86,173 bp and 18,743 bp in size, respectively, and the inverted repeats are 26,102 bp in size. The GC content of the whole genome is 37.96%, while those of regions of LSC, SSC, and IR are 35.20%, 31.18%, and 42.73%, respectively. There are 130 different genes annotated in this chloroplast genome, including 84 protein coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 1 pseudogene. Phylogenetic analysis of 19 species revealed that R. rugosa × R. sertata belong to the Sect. Cinnamomeae. Overall, this study, providing genomic resources of R. rugosa × R. sertata, will be beneficial for species identification and biological research.</div

Test of the predictive models for predominant T&O compounds in Taihu Lake.

<p>B = blooming season, N = nonblooming season.</p

Residual scatter plots for T&O compound models.

<p>B = blooming season, N = nonblooming season.</p

Statistical equations for the predominant T&O compounds in Taihu Lake models.

<p>All p-values <0.0001; B, Blooming season; N, Nonblooming season.</p

Concentration of T&O compounds in Taihu Lake.

a<p>Quantitative ion.</p

Phytoplankton community composition in Taihu Lake from June 2009 to May 2010.

<p>(Data represent only the main genera and are the monthly total biomass from thirty samples).</p

Sampling sites in Taihu Lake.

<p>The red circles represent the sampling sites in June 2009 to May 2010. The green stars represent the sampling sites in 2008.</p

Annual variation of water physicochemical variables from June 2009 to May 2010.

<p>(Data represent monthly averages from thirty samples).</p

Boxplots for four S_T&O compounds.

<p>S_DMS = (d-DMS) - (p-DMS), S_MIB = (d-MIB) - (p-MIB), S_cycloc = (d-β-cyclocitral) - (p-β-cyclocitral), S_ionone = (d-β-ionone) - (p-β-ionone), S_T&O compound = (dissolved T&O compound) - (particulate T&O compound).</p

Single-Dot Spectroscopy of Zinc-Blende CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanocrystals: Nonblinking and Correlation with Ensemble Measurements

Here we report the first series of phase-pure zinc-blende CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) with reproducibly controlled shell thickness (4–16 monolayers), which are nonblinking (≥95% ‘on’ time) in single-exciton regime for the entire series. These unique QDs possess well-controlled yet simple excited-state decay dynamics at both single-dot and ensemble levels, extremely small nonblinking volume threshold, if any, and unique ‘on’ and ‘off’ probability statistics. The outstanding optical properties of the QDs at the single-dot level were found to be correlated well with their ensemble properties. These small and bright nonblinking QDs offer promising technical application prospect in both single-dot and ensemble levels. The consistent and reproducible experimental results shed new light on the mechanisms of blinking of QDs