Descriptive characteristics of study population at baseline.

Comparison between psychotropic drug users and nonusers. GNHIES98 mortality follow-up study.</p

Density Functional Theory and Time-Resolved Resonance Raman Investigation of the Photocyclization of 2-Pyridyl Phenyl Ketone in Acid Solution

Density functional theory computations and nanosecond time-resolved resonance Raman (ns-TR3) spectroscopy experiments were done to study the photocyclization of 2-pyridyl phenyl ketone in acid solution. The most probable cyclization pathway was assigned to the reaction RX1, which had the lowest free-energy barrier. The factors that determine the free-energy barriers among the different reactions examined were discussed. Solvent effects on these reactions were also explored by calculations that included a polarizable continuum model for the bulk solvent effect

N‑, Se‑, and S‑Doped Bimetallic NiCoP Nanosheet Arrays as Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts

N-, Se-, and S-doped NiCoP nanosheet arrays with the same doping content were prepared on nickel foam (NF) as efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Experimental results and theoretical calculations mutually verified that N, Se, and S doping modulated the electronic structure of NiCoP and thus accelerated the intrinsic charge transport, which eventually enhanced the HER activity. N-NiCoP/NF, Se-NiCoP/NF, and S-NiCoP/NF catalysts show overpotential of 149, 153, and 137 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm–2, respectively, lower than 154 mV of 20% Pt-C@NF. Additionally, S-NiCoP/NF exhibits long-term robustness for the HER in 120 h of continuous electrolysis with negligible current attenuation. It is expected that S-NiCoP/NF may be applicable in water electrolysis with improved efficiency

Time-Resolved Resonance Raman and Density Functional Theory Investigation of the Photoreactions of Benzophenone in Aqueous Solution

A time-resolved resonance Raman study of the photoreactions of benzophenone (BP) in neutral, alkaline, and acidic aqueous solutions is reported. Under neutral and alkaline conditions, a hydrogen abstraction reaction is observed to form the corresponding diphenyl ketyl (DPK) radical with different reaction rates while under acidic condition the protonation of triplet benzophenone occurs simultaneously, which is followed by a faster hydration reaction to produce the corresponding photohydration short-lived intermediates that were observed during experiments and that were tentatively assigned to the m-3BP·H2O and the o-1BP·H2O species. The dynamics, structures, and properties of these species are briefly discussed

All-cause mortality hazard ratio (HR) for the use of psychotropic drugs.

GNHIES98 mortality follow-up study.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for the use of opioids, antipsychotics, antidepressants and benzodiazepines in comparison with nonusers (nonusers: No use of any opioids, antipsychotics, antidepressants and benzodiazepines).

GNHIES98 mortality follow-up study.</p

Improved tensile membrane action model of composite slabs at elevated temperatures

Different from reinforced concrete slabs, composite slabs appear more complicated tensile membrane action (TMA) in fire conditions. An improved TMA model is proposed to accurately determine the fire resistance of composite slabs exposed to ISO834 fire. It is assumed that the fracture of steel reinforcement in the long span is the governing failure mode of composite slabs at elevated temperatures. The slab is divided into four concrete rigid plates and one elliptic reinforcement net at centre considering TMA, and the contribution of rotation of concrete rigid plates on the deflection in short-span is taken into account. It is found that the improved model has a great prediction of the mid-span deflection and fire resistance. Meanwhile, coupling thermo-mechanical finite element analyses are carried out to simulate the TMA response of composite slabs at elevated temperatures. The results show that the failure mode is the fracture of the reinforcement in long span, the same as the assumption of the improved model.</p

Modulating Electronic Structure of NiCoP Nanoarrays by B Doping for Boosting Overall Water Splitting

B-doped NiCoP nanoarrays on nickel foam were successfully synthesized by a simple solvothermal method and the following phosphorization. The optimized 10B-NiCoP/NF catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stability as compared with pristine NiCoP/NF catalysts for HER and OER in 1 M KOH, which was even better than 20% Pt–C and IrO2, respectively. Additionally, the 10B-NiCoP/NF catalyst exhibits superior stability for HER and OER performances at a large current density (100 mA cm–2). A complementary experimental and theoretical study suggests that B doping could modulate the electronic structure of NiCoP to enhance HER electrocatalytic activity. Moreover, the electrolyzer assembled with 10B-NiCoP as bifunctional electrodes requires only 1.51 V to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm–2

Time-Resolved Resonance Raman Study of the Effect of pH on the Photoreactions of 3-Benzoylpyridine in Aqueous Solution

A nanosecond time-resolved resonance Raman investigation of the photoreactions of 3-benzoylpyridine (3-BPy) in different pH aqueous solutions is reported. In neutral, basic, and pH = 5 aqueous solution conditions, the photoreduction reaction from the triplet 3-BPy species is observed to produce the corresponding 3-phenyl pyridyl ketyl radical that was also observed in a 2-propanol solvent. Under moderate acidic conditions (at pH = 3 for example), most of the 3-BPy triplet state species goes through two protonation steps at the nitrogen atom and the carbonyl oxygen atom after UV laser photolysis and then forms a short-lived hydration intermediate via a hydration reaction at the ortho position in the benzene ring. This new species is tentatively assigned to the o-3[3-BPyH+·H2O] hydration species. In acidic aqueous solutions with a pH ≤ 1, the protonated triplet states of 3-BPy cations at the nitrogen atom are generated from photoexcitation of the protonated ground state and are subsequently further protonated at the carbonyl oxygen atom to form a 3-BPy-dication triplet state. This dication intermediate reacts with water molecules at the ortho position of the benzene ring to produce the o-3[3-BPyH+·H2O] hydration species. The mechanisms of photoreduction observed for 3-BPy in different pH aqueous solutions were investigated using density functional theory calculations, and these results were used to help assign the intermediates observed in the experiments. The structures and properties of these species are briefly discussed, and an overall photoreaction mechanism is proposed based on the results from the time-resolved resonance Raman experiments and the density functional theory calculations

Nanocomposite Membranes via the Codeposition of Polydopamine/Polyethylenimine with Silica Nanoparticles for Enhanced Mechanical Strength and High Water Permeability

A defect-free and stable selective layer is of critical significance for thin film composite membrane with excellent separation performance and service durability. We report a facial strategy for fabricating thin film nanocomposite (TFN) nanofltration membranes (NFMs) based on the codeposition of polydopamine, polyetheylenimine, and silica nanoparticles. Tripled water flux can be obtained from the TFN NFMs as compared with those NFMs without silica nanoparticles. This is ascribed to the improved wettability of the membrane surfaces and the enlarged pore sizes of the selective layer. The interfacial compatibility of the inorganic fillers and the polymer matrices can be enhanced by the electrostatic interactions of silica nanoparticles with polyethylenimine and the adhesive characteristics of polydopamine, resulting in a defect-free selective layer and then good rejection for both bivalent cations and neutral solutes. The rigid silica nanoparticles also improve the surface mechanical strength of the TFN NFMs effectively and lead to structural stability and compaction resistance during the long-term filtration process