Changes in temperatures and floral scents of <i>Magnolia sprengeri</i> during anthesis.

<p>(A) Records of <i>Magnolia sprengeri</i> flower temperature (red line) and ambient air temperature (green line) during anthesis. (B) Difference between flowers and air temperature. (C) Relative proportions of dominant compounds (contributing to >5% of the blend) of <i>M. sprengeri</i> floral scents during the five flowering stages*. In (A), pictures a and b are infrared images of a <i>M. sprengeri</i> flower during the pistillate (a) and the staminate stages (b). Bar scales represent 1.5 cm in image a and 2 cm in image b. Colours indicate the temperature distribution. The red colour in the centre of the flower corresponds to the highest temperature. In (B), the same lowercase letters indicate no significant difference (p>0.05) in odour compounds between the floral stages according to the npMANOVA post hoc tests. Error bars indicate standard errors. Stage 1, pre-pistillate stage; Stage 2, pistillate stage; Stage 3, pre-staminate stage; Stage 4, staminate stage; Stage 5, post-staminate stage. * Relative proportions of chemical compounds accounting to >1% of the total floral scents differed significant (p<0.05) among all 7 samples.</p

Number of floral visitors to 46 <i>Magnolia sprengeri</i> flowers observed during the five floral stages.

<p>Number of floral visitors to 46 <i>Magnolia sprengeri</i> flowers observed during the five floral stages.</p

Description of the flowering stages of individual flowers of <i>Magnolia sprengeri</i>.

<p>Description of the flowering stages of individual flowers of <i>Magnolia sprengeri</i>.</p

Visiting frequencies of sap beetles and bees on <i>Magnolia sprengeri</i> flowers at pistillate and staminate stages.

<p>The observation was conducted on 6 flowers. Sap beetles and bees landing on the observed flowers for half an hour were recorded at an interval of 1.5</p

Summary of the npMANOVA for the odour compounds of seven flowers sampled at the five floral stages. d.f. = degrees of freedom.

<p><b>*</b>Although only five floral stages occurred, floral scents were sampled twice at both the pistillate and staminate stages and once at the pre-pistillate, pre-staminate and post-staminate stages. Thus, the factor “stage” had a d.f. of 6 (i.e. 7–1). A. Analysis performed on the three dominant compounds from the blends. B. Analysis performed on all compounds accounting for more than >1% of the blend.</p

Table_3_Development and validation of nomograms for predicting overall survival and cancer specific survival in locally advanced breast cancer patients: A SEER population-based study.XLSX

BackgroundFor patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), conventional TNM staging is not accurate in predicting survival outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop two accurate survival prediction models to guide clinical decision making.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 22,842 LABC patients was performed from 2010 to 2015 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. An additional cohort of 200 patients from the Binzhou Medical University Hospital (BMUH) was analyzed. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to screen for variables. The identified variables were used to build a survival prediction model. The performance of the nomogram models was assessed based on the concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsThe LASSO analysis identified 9 variables in patients with LABC, including age, marital status, Grade, histological type, T-stage, N-stage, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In the training cohort, the C-index of the nomogram in predicting the overall survival (OS) was 0.767 [95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 0.751–0.775], cancer specific survival (CSS) was 0.765 (95% CI: 0.756–0.774). In the external validation cohort, the C-index of the nomogram in predicting the OS was 0.858 (95% CI: 0.812–0.904), the CSS was 0.866 (95% CI: 0.817–0.915). In the training cohort, the area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) values of the nomogram in prediction of the 1, 3, and 5-year OS were 0.836 (95% CI: 0.821–0.851), 0.769 (95% CI: 0.759–0.780), and 0.750 (95% CI: 0.738–0.762), respectively. The AUC values for prediction of the 1, 3, and 5-year CSS were 0.829 (95% CI: 0.811–0.847), 0.769 (95% CI: 0.757–0.780), and 0.745 (95% CI: 0.732–0.758), respectively. Results of the C-index, ROC curve, and DCA demonstrated that the nomogram was more accurate in predicting the OS and CSS of patients compared with conventional TNM staging.ConclusionTwo prediction models were developed and validated in this study which provided more accurate prediction of the OS and CSS in LABC patients than the TNM staging. The constructed models can be used for predicting survival outcomes and guide treatment plans for LABC patients.</p

Table_1_Development and validation of nomograms for predicting overall survival and cancer specific survival in locally advanced breast cancer patients: A SEER population-based study.XLSX

BackgroundFor patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), conventional TNM staging is not accurate in predicting survival outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop two accurate survival prediction models to guide clinical decision making.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 22,842 LABC patients was performed from 2010 to 2015 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. An additional cohort of 200 patients from the Binzhou Medical University Hospital (BMUH) was analyzed. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to screen for variables. The identified variables were used to build a survival prediction model. The performance of the nomogram models was assessed based on the concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsThe LASSO analysis identified 9 variables in patients with LABC, including age, marital status, Grade, histological type, T-stage, N-stage, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In the training cohort, the C-index of the nomogram in predicting the overall survival (OS) was 0.767 [95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 0.751–0.775], cancer specific survival (CSS) was 0.765 (95% CI: 0.756–0.774). In the external validation cohort, the C-index of the nomogram in predicting the OS was 0.858 (95% CI: 0.812–0.904), the CSS was 0.866 (95% CI: 0.817–0.915). In the training cohort, the area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) values of the nomogram in prediction of the 1, 3, and 5-year OS were 0.836 (95% CI: 0.821–0.851), 0.769 (95% CI: 0.759–0.780), and 0.750 (95% CI: 0.738–0.762), respectively. The AUC values for prediction of the 1, 3, and 5-year CSS were 0.829 (95% CI: 0.811–0.847), 0.769 (95% CI: 0.757–0.780), and 0.745 (95% CI: 0.732–0.758), respectively. Results of the C-index, ROC curve, and DCA demonstrated that the nomogram was more accurate in predicting the OS and CSS of patients compared with conventional TNM staging.ConclusionTwo prediction models were developed and validated in this study which provided more accurate prediction of the OS and CSS in LABC patients than the TNM staging. The constructed models can be used for predicting survival outcomes and guide treatment plans for LABC patients.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Development and validation of nomograms for predicting overall survival and cancer specific survival in locally advanced breast cancer patients: A SEER population-based study.PDF

BackgroundFor patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), conventional TNM staging is not accurate in predicting survival outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop two accurate survival prediction models to guide clinical decision making.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 22,842 LABC patients was performed from 2010 to 2015 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. An additional cohort of 200 patients from the Binzhou Medical University Hospital (BMUH) was analyzed. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to screen for variables. The identified variables were used to build a survival prediction model. The performance of the nomogram models was assessed based on the concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsThe LASSO analysis identified 9 variables in patients with LABC, including age, marital status, Grade, histological type, T-stage, N-stage, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In the training cohort, the C-index of the nomogram in predicting the overall survival (OS) was 0.767 [95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 0.751–0.775], cancer specific survival (CSS) was 0.765 (95% CI: 0.756–0.774). In the external validation cohort, the C-index of the nomogram in predicting the OS was 0.858 (95% CI: 0.812–0.904), the CSS was 0.866 (95% CI: 0.817–0.915). In the training cohort, the area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) values of the nomogram in prediction of the 1, 3, and 5-year OS were 0.836 (95% CI: 0.821–0.851), 0.769 (95% CI: 0.759–0.780), and 0.750 (95% CI: 0.738–0.762), respectively. The AUC values for prediction of the 1, 3, and 5-year CSS were 0.829 (95% CI: 0.811–0.847), 0.769 (95% CI: 0.757–0.780), and 0.745 (95% CI: 0.732–0.758), respectively. Results of the C-index, ROC curve, and DCA demonstrated that the nomogram was more accurate in predicting the OS and CSS of patients compared with conventional TNM staging.ConclusionTwo prediction models were developed and validated in this study which provided more accurate prediction of the OS and CSS in LABC patients than the TNM staging. The constructed models can be used for predicting survival outcomes and guide treatment plans for LABC patients.</p

Morphology of an individual flower of <i>Magnolia sprengeri</i> at the pre-pistillate (A), pistillate (B), pre-staminate (C, D), staminate (E) and post-staminate (F) stages.

<p>(A) Pre-pistillate stage: petals folded tightly with pistils opened. (B) Pistillate stage: functionally female flowers with receptive stigmas and immature stamens with no dehiscent anthers. (C) and (D) Pre-staminate stage: a floral chamber with appressed and unreceptive stigmas and non-dehiscent anthers. (E) Staminate stage: functionally male flowers with gynoecium starting to fade; stamens detached from the axis and the anthers dehisced. (F) Post-staminate stage: withered flowers with the petals and stamens becoming brown and abscised; the stigma withered. Abbreviations: An, androecium; Gy, gynoecium; Ip, inner petals; Op, outer petals; Tw, twig.</p

Retention time and relative proportions (%) of chemical compounds identified in scents collected on 7 <i>M. sprengeri</i> flowers at different flowering stages (values in this table are means±s.e.).

<p>Note: The floral odours were sampled at 10:00 for the pre-pistillate stage, 15:00 (A) and 18:00 (B) for the pistillate stage, 10:00 for pre-staminate stage, 15:00 (A) and 18:00 (B) for the staminate stage, and 8:00 for the post-staminate stage.</p