Iron-Catalyzed <i>para</i>-Selective C–H Allylation of Aniline Derivatives

Transition-metal-catalyzed directed C–H allylation of arenes offers an efficient and straightforward approach to construct value-added allylic arenes. However, these reactions are often performed with precious transition-metal catalysts and mainly limited to ortho-C–H allylation of arenes. Herein, we disclose a novel iron-catalyzed para-C–H allylation of aniline derivatives with allyl alcohols via a chelation-induced strategy, providing various allylic arenes in good yields with excellent regio- and chemoselectivity. A simple FeCl3·6H2O is employed as a catalyst, serving a dual role in the reaction: (1) coordination with N-arylpicolinamide to alter the electronic property of the aromatic ring and (2) reaction with allyl alcohol to form allyl-Fe species

Size distribution of the unigenes and CDS.

<p>The blue and red bars indicate unigene and CDS, respectively.</p

Synthesis of carbazole-based dendritic conjugated polymer: a dual channel optical probe for the detection of I⁻ and Hg²⁺

A new type of carbazole-based blue-emitting dendritic conjugated polymer, poly[(9,9-dioctyl)-2,7-fluorene-co-4,4’,4”-triphenylamine-co-9-(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl)-3,6-carbazole](P), was successfully synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction. Chemical structures of monomers and polymer were verified by FI-IR and 1HNMR characterizations. We found that polymer showed a special selectivity and high sensitivity for I−. With the addition of I−, the fluorescent polymer solution was obviously quenched. The polymer showed a special detection effect on I−. However, the fluorescent polymer was obviously restored when Hg2+ was added to the P/I− system due to the large complexation between I− and Hg2+. The anti-interference experiments of probe P/I− showed that other background cations have a slight influence on detecting Hg2+, and the calculated detection limit of Hg2+ reached 9.7 × 10−8 M, which could be a potential application for a two-channel cyclic detection of I− and Hg2+. Additionally, it was found that the theoretical values were in agreement with the experimental data.</p

SNP statistical information based on mapping <i>C. frutescens</i> reads in reference to <i>C. annuum</i> contigs.

<p>SNP statistical information based on mapping <i>C. frutescens</i> reads in reference to <i>C. annuum</i> contigs.</p

The candidates on the relative capsaicinoids biosynthetic pathway.

<p>The blue and red bars represent new candidates and known candidates from Mazourek, 2009.</p

Comparison of <i>de novo</i> assembly using Trinity and Velvet-oases programs.

*<p>Represents the number of contigs that at less 200 bp in length.</p>#<p>represents the result of TIGCL and Phrap for reduce the redundancy after Trinity with 25-mer assembly.</p

Illustrated the partly distribution (ratio of alignment/short no less than 0.8) of homologous length and aligned length.

<p>The X axis represents the ratio is length of pepper EST/unigene length, the Y axis is represents the ratio of alignment length/shorter between pepper EST and unigene.</p

<em>De Novo</em> Transcriptome Assembly in Chili Pepper (<em>Capsicum frutescens</em>) to Identify Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Capsaicinoids

<div><p>The capsaicinoids are a group of compounds produced by chili pepper fruits and are used widely in many fields, especially in medical purposes. The capsaicinoid biosynthetic pathway has not yet been established clearly. To understand more knowledge in biosynthesis of capsaicinoids, we applied RNA-seq for the mixture of placenta and pericarp of pungent pepper (<em>Capsicum frutescens</em> L.). We have assessed the effect of various assembly parameters using different assembly software, and obtained one of the best strategies for <em>de novo</em> assembly of transcriptome data. We obtained a total 54,045 high-quality unigenes (transcripts) using Trinity software. About 92.65% of unigenes showed similarity to the public protein sequences, genome of potato and tomato and pepper (<em>C. annuum</em>) ESTs databases. Our results predicted 3 new structural genes (DHAD, TD, PAT), which filled gaps of the capsaicinoid biosynthetic pathway predicted by Mazourek, and revealed new candidate genes involved in capsaicinoid biosynthesis based on KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis. A significant number of SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) and SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers were predicted in <em>C. frutescens</em> and <em>C. annuum</em> sequences, which will be helpful in the identification of polymorphisms within chili pepper populations. These data will provide new insights to the pathway of capsaicinoid biosynthesis and subsequent research of chili peppers. In addition, our strategy of <em>de novo</em> transcriptome assembly is applicable to a wide range of similar studies.</p> </div

Identity new transcripts (genes) on the capsaicinoids biosynthetic pathway.

<p>Identity new transcripts (genes) on the capsaicinoids biosynthetic pathway.</p

The results of annotation on unigenes by different databases.

<p>Note:</p>1<p>presents the unigenes annotated by whole protein sequences using blastx,</p>2<p>presents the unigenes annotated by whole genome using blat.</p