Perbandingan Harga Energi dari Sumber Energi Baru Terbarukan dan Fosil

PERBANDINGAN HARGA ENERGI DARI SUMBER ENERGI BARU TERBARUKAN DAN FOSIL. Transportasi biaya rendah untuk orang dan barang sangat penting untuk kesejahteraan ekonomi bangsa. Hingga kini jika harga minyak naik, biaya transportasi otomatis akan mengikuti dan sebagian rakyat menderita akibat melambungnya harga makanan dan barang-barang lainnya. Hampir 100 persen kebutuhan energi transportasi negara Indonesia didukung oleh minyak. Sementara biaya di sektor energi terutama listrik, di negara maju yang juga berperan signifikan untuk mendukung transportasi, jauh lebih stabil dan dapat diprediksi. Kebutuhan energi yang begitu tinggi di sektor transportasi cenderung memaksa manusia untuk mengupayakan sumber dan sarana energi dalam bentuk lain seperti listrik atau hydrogen yang dapat menyamai atau melebihi kinerja bahan bakar minyak. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan keekonomian harga energi dari sumber EBT dan fosil untuk melihat sejauh mana peluang keekonomian beberapa jenis energi dapat memainkan peran signifikan di sektor transportasi dan dampak selanjutnya di dalam sistem energi. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah penelusuran pustaka dan perhitungan langsung pada bahan atau sumber energi terkait. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa akan semakin dibutuhkan peran energi nuklir dan energi tertentu lainnya sebagai sumber energi listrik menimbang aspek keekonomiannya yang relatif lebih baik

Transcriptome analysis of tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) shoots reveals a crosstalk between auxin and strigolactone

<div><p>Auxin and strigolactone (SL) are two important phytohormones involved in shoot branching and morphology. Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.), a member of the Solanaceae family, is one of the most popular food crops with high economic value in the world. To seek a better understanding of the responses to exogenous hormones, transcriptome analyses of the tomato shoots treated with exogenous auxin and SL, separately or together, were performed. A total of 2326, 260 and 1379 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under the IAA, GR24 and IAA+GR24 treatments, respectively. Network analysis pointed out two enriched interaction clusters, including “ethylene biosynthesis” and “photosynthesis”. Several ethylene biosynthesis and metabolism-related genes were up-regulated under both IAA and IAA+GR24 treatments, suggesting their involvement in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis. Besides, auxin-SLs-triggered the expression of several <i>CAB</i> genes may lead to systemic increases in the induction of photosynthesis. Several auxin-activated metabolic pathways could be reduced by the GR24 treatment, indicated that the crosstalk between auxin and SLs may be involved in the metabolic regulation of tomato. Further analysis showed that SLs affect the responses of tomato shoots to auxin by inducing the expression of a series of auxin downstream genes. On the other hand, auxin regulated the biosynthesis of SLs by affecting the genes in the “Carotenoid biosynthesis” pathway. Our data will give us an opportunity to reveal the crosstalk between auxin and SLs in the shoots of tomato.</p></div

Transcriptional variations in tomato shoots under different hormone treatments.

<p>(a) Expression profiles of the DEGs under different hormone treatments were shown by a heatmap. (b) Significance analysis of the DEGs in different comparisons by Volcanoplots. (c) The number of up- and down-regulated genes in different comparisons. (d) Venn diagrams showed the proportions of the up- and down-regulated genes in three comparisons.</p

KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEGs in the three comparisons.

The significant P values of each KEGG term under different hormone treatments were shown by a heatmap. Purple arrows indicated the metabolic pathways significantly changed under all the three treatments. Green boxes indicated the metabolic pathways only significantly changed under the IAA treatment.</p

GO enrichment analysis of the DEGs in different comparisons.

<p>(a) Classification of the enriched GO terms under the IAA treatment. (b) Classification of the enriched GO terms under the GR24 treatment. (c) Classification of the enriched GO terms under the IAA+GR24 treatment.</p

Real-time quantitative PCR validation of several hormone-related genes.

<p>The histogram shows the relative expression level of these genes with respect to the ACTIN in tomato. The data were analyzed by three independent repeats, and standard deviations were shown with error bars. Significant differences in expression level were indicated by “*”.</p

Additional file 10: of Comparative proteomic analysis of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seedlings under salt stress

Table S5. Node Information of PPI. (XLSX 26 kb

Additional file 5: of Comparative proteomic analysis of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seedlings under salt stress

Table S4. The detail information of DEPs. (XLSX 91 kb

Additional file 3: of Comparative proteomic analysis of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seedlings under salt stress

Table S2. The detail information of identified peptides pertinent to detected proteins. (XLSX 5698 kb

Additional file 6: of Comparative proteomic analysis of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seedlings under salt stress

Figure S2. Real-time quantitative PCR validation of several selected Salt responsive genes. The data were analyzed by three independent repeats, and standard deviations were shown with error bars. Significant differences in expression level were indicated by “*”. (TIF 828 kb