Windows of exposure to the 1959–1961 Chinese Great Famine in the 1957–1964 birth cohort, Zhongshan and Nanhai municipalities, Guangdong province, China.

<p>Windows of exposure to the 1959–1961 Chinese Great Famine in the 1957–1964 birth cohort, Zhongshan and Nanhai municipalities, Guangdong province, China.</p

Effects of exposure to the Chinese Great Famine <i>during fetal development only</i> by trimester of exposure on blood pressure, height and BMI.

<p>Data presented are adjusted least square mean±standard error, or adjusted mean difference (95% CI) for continuous outcomes (blood pressure, BMI, height), and n (%) or odds ratio (95% CI) for dichotomous outcomes (hypertension, obesity, short stature).</p>*<p>Adjusted for socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0049720#pone-0049720-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>); for blood pressure and hypertension, further adjusted for short stature and BMI; subjects with anti-hypertensive treatment were included in the models for hypertension, but excluded in the models for SBP and DBP.</p>†<p>p<0.05,</p>‡<p>p<0.01,</p>τ<p>p<0.001 for comparisons to the non-famine reference cohort.</p><p>SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; BMI = Body mass index; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.</p

Blood pressure, height and BMI by exposure to the 1959–1961 Chinese Great Famine during fetal development and infancy (<2 years postnatal).

<p>Data presented are adjusted least square mean±standard error, or adjusted mean difference (95% CI) for continuous outcomes (blood pressure, BMI, height), and n (%) or odds ratio (95% CI) for dichotomous outcomes (hypertension, obesity, short stature).</p>*<p>Adjusted for socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0049720#pone-0049720-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>); for blood pressure and hypertension, further adjusted for short stature and BMI; subjects with anti-hypertensive treatment were included in the models for hypertension, but excluded in the models for SBP and DBP.</p>†<p>p<0.05,</p>‡<p>p<0.01,</p>τ<p>p<0.001 for comparisons to the non-famine reference cohort. All p values were<0.05 in tests for the overall differences in mean blood pressure or the risk of hypertension across the four study groups.</p><p>SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; BMI = Body mass index; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.</p

Characteristics of study participants in the 1957–1964 birth cohort from Zhongshan and Nanhai municipalities, Guangdong province, China.

<p>Data presented are mean±SD for continuous variables, and n (%) for frequency variables.</p>*<p>P values in t tests for differences in means or Chi-square tests for differences in proportions between men and women.</p