Detection rate of anti-PDCoV IgG antibodies from 2006 to 2014 in the U.S.A.

<p>All serum samples were obtained from commercial pig farms.</p><p>Detection rate of anti-PDCoV IgG antibodies from 2006 to 2014 in the U.S.A.</p

Distribution of serum anti-PDCoV IgG antibodies during an acute outbreak and four weeks later.

<p>An acute outbreak was defined as presence of clinical disease and demonstration of PDCoV RNA in feces. Data presented as ELISA OD values ± SEM. The assay cut-off (OD value of 0.34) is indicated by the dashed line.</p

Detection rate of anti-PDCoV and anti-PEDV IgG antibodies in pig sera samples collected during 2014.

<p>All serum samples were obtained from commercial pig farms in 18 different states across the U.S.A.</p><p>Detection rate of anti-PDCoV and anti-PEDV IgG antibodies in pig sera samples collected during 2014.</p

Distribution of serum anti-PDCoV IgG antibodies obtained from farms with known PDCoV exposure.

<p>Serum samples were classified as negative or positive based on viral RNA detection on fecal samples at the farm. Data presented as ELISA OD values ± SEM. The assay cut-off (OD value of 0.34) is indicated by the dashed line.</p

Metasurface- and PCSEL-Based Structured Light for Monocular Depth Perception and Facial Recognition

The novel depth-sensing system presented here revolutionizes structured light (SL) technology by employing metasurfaces and photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) for efficient facial recognition in monocular depth-sensing. Unlike conventional dot projectors relying on diffractive optical elements (DOEs) and collimators, our system projects approximately 45,700 infrared dots from a compact 297-μm-dimention metasurface, drastically more spots (1.43 times) and smaller (233 times) than the DOE-based dot projector in an iPhone. With a measured field-of-view (FOV) of 158° and a 0.611° dot sampling angle, the system is lens-free and lightweight and boasts lower power consumption than vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays, resulting in a 5–10 times reduction in power. Utilizing a GaAs-based metasurface and a simplified optical architecture, this innovation not only addresses the drawbacks of traditional SL depth-sensing but also opens avenues for compact integration into wearable devices, offering remarkable advantages in size, power efficiency, and potential for widespread adoption

Metasurface- and PCSEL-Based Structured Light for Monocular Depth Perception and Facial Recognition

The novel depth-sensing system presented here revolutionizes structured light (SL) technology by employing metasurfaces and photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) for efficient facial recognition in monocular depth-sensing. Unlike conventional dot projectors relying on diffractive optical elements (DOEs) and collimators, our system projects approximately 45,700 infrared dots from a compact 297-μm-dimention metasurface, drastically more spots (1.43 times) and smaller (233 times) than the DOE-based dot projector in an iPhone. With a measured field-of-view (FOV) of 158° and a 0.611° dot sampling angle, the system is lens-free and lightweight and boasts lower power consumption than vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays, resulting in a 5–10 times reduction in power. Utilizing a GaAs-based metasurface and a simplified optical architecture, this innovation not only addresses the drawbacks of traditional SL depth-sensing but also opens avenues for compact integration into wearable devices, offering remarkable advantages in size, power efficiency, and potential for widespread adoption

Aluminum Plasmonic Multicolor Meta-Hologram

We report a phase-modulated multicolor meta-hologram (MCMH) that is polarization-dependent and capable of producing images in three primary colors. The MCMH structure is made of aluminum nanorods that are arranged in a two-dimensional array of pixels with surface plasmon resonances in red, green, and blue. The aluminum nanorod array is patterned on a 30 nm thick SiO₂ spacer layer sputtered on top of a 130 nm thick aluminum mirror. With proper design of the structure, we obtain resonances of narrow bandwidths to allow for implementation of the multicolor scheme. Taking into account of the wavelength dependence of the diffraction angle, we can project images to specific locations with predetermined size and order. With tuning of aluminum nanorod size, we demonstrate that the image color can be continuously varied across the visible spectrum

Versatile Polarization Generation with an Aluminum Plasmonic Metasurface

All forms of light manipulation rely on light–matter interaction, the primary mechanism of which is the modulation of its electromagnetic fields by the localized electromagnetic fields of atoms. One of the important factors that influence the strength of interaction is the polarization of the electromagnetic field. The generation and manipulation of light polarization have been traditionally accomplished with bulky optical components such as waveplates, polarizers, and polarization beam splitters that are optically thick. The miniaturization of these devices is highly desirable for the development of a new class of compact, flat, and broadband optical components that can be integrated together on a single photonics chip. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, a reflective metasurface polarization generator (MPG) capable of producing light beams of any polarizations all from a linearly polarized light source with a single optically thin chip. Six polarization light beams are achieved simultaneously including four linear polarizations along different directions and two circular polarizations, all conveniently separated into different reflection angles. With the Pancharatnam–Berry phase-modulation method, the MPG sample was fabricated with aluminum as the plasmonic metal instead of the conventional gold or silver, which allowed for its broadband operation covering the entire visible spectrum. The versatility and compactness of the MPG capable of transforming any incident wave into light beams of arbitrary polarizations over a broad spectral range are an important step forward in achieving a complete set of flat optics for integrated photonics with far-reaching applications

Rescue of infectious chimeric viruses from shuffled infectious clones and <i>in vitro</i> growth kinetics of the shuffled chimeric viruses.

<p>Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) (<b>Panel A</b>) was performed with anti-PRRSV N protein monoclonal antibody (SDOW17) to confirm that the chimeric viruses were successfully rescued in MARC-145 cells infected with the supernatant of BHK-21 cells transfected with eight individual clones generated by DNA shuffling (GP4TS14, GP4TS19, GP4TS29, MTS1, MTS5, MTS8, MTS11 and MTS57). Parental backbone strain VR2385 and mock infection were included as positive and negative controls, respectively. The growth kinetics of GP4-shuffled chimeric viruses (<b>Panel B</b>) and M-shuffled chimeric viruses (<b>Panel C</b>) in MARC-145 cells were determined by measuring the infectious viral titers (TCID₅₀/ml) at indicated time points post-infection using the microtitration infectivity assay. The experiments were done in triplicate, and the bars indicated standard errors.</p

Fast Fabrication of a Ag Nanostructure Substrate Using the Femtosecond Laser for Broad-Band and Tunable Plasmonic Enhancement

Using a femtosecond laser, we have transformed the laser-direct-writing technique into a highly efficient method that can process AgO_<i>x</i> thin films into Ag nanostructures at a fast scanning rate of 2000 μm²/min. The processed AgO_<i>x</i> thin films exhibit broad-band enhancement of optical absorption and effectively function as active SERS substrates. Probing of the plasmonic hotspots with dyed polymer beads indicates that these hotspots are uniformly distributed over the treated area