First-Principles Analysis of Lattice Thermal Conductivity in Monolayer Mn₂C

The thermal transport properties of a new MXene material, Mn2C, have been investigated by solving the phonon Boltzmann transport equation based on the density functional theory. Monolayer Mn2C shows a relatively low intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity, which is about one-third that of Ti2C at room temperature. This is mainly due to the larger average atomic mass and stronger anharmonicity of Mn2C, which result from the larger difference in electronegativity between Mn and C atoms. Moreover, the greater participation of optical branches in phonon scattering also contributes to the lower lattice thermal conductivity of monolayer Mn2C. This study offers physical insights into the fundamental thermal transport properties of late-transition-metal-based (groups after VIB) MXene materials relevant for energy conversion and storage applications

Data_Sheet_1_Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation from yaks on weaning diarrhea, fecal microbiota composition, microbial network structure and functional pathways in Chinese Holstein calves.doc

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from yaks on weaning diarrhea, fecal microbiota composition, microbial network structure and functional pathways in Chinese Holstein Calves. In this study, 50 calves were randomly divided into five groups of 10 each: NC group (no supplementation), Control group (normal saline), low concentration FMT group (LFMT, 1 × 108 CFU/ml), high concentration FMT group (HMFT, 1 × 109 CFU/ml), and sterilized FMT group (SMFT, sterilized bacterial solution). The test lasted for 30 days. We found that FMT reduced the incidence of diarrhea in weaned calves, and the anti-diarrhea effect of LFMT was stronger than those of HFMT and SFMT. Calf feces were collected by rectal palpation on days 5, 10, 15, and 20 post-weaning, and high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer region of fecal microbiota was performed. We observed that the richness and diversity of bacterial microbiota in the LFMT, HFMT, and SFMT groups were higher than those in the NC and Control groups at day 20 after weaning. The treatment had a significant effect on bacterial richness (p < 0.05), but not on fungal diversity or richness. The analysis of gut microbiome showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroides were the main bacterial phyla in the feces of weaned calves, and norank_ f Muribaculaceae, UCG-005, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Bacteroides, and Blautia were the main genera. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the main fungal phyla. Compared to abundance parameters in the Control and NC groups, relative abundances of Firmicutes in the FMT groups increased at different time points after weaning. The relative abundance of Blautia and Lactobacillus in the LFMT group increased significantly after weaning. In addition, abundances of Ruminococcus and Romboutsia, which produce short-chain fatty acids, were also increased in different FMT groups. FMT significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, enhanced the complexity of the fecal microbial network, and promoted important metabolic and cellular processes in weaned calves. In conclusion, our study provides a reference and theoretical basis for FMT to prevent calf weaning diarrhea and other intestinal diseases in ruminants.</p

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Does ventilator-associated event surveillance detect ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Quality assessment of included studies. Table S2. Results for analysis of pooled prevalence of ventilator-associated events and ventilator-associated pneumonia in the sensitivity analysis. Table S3. Results of pooled estimates of ventilator-associated events criteria for the detection of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the sensitivity analysis. Table S4. Risk factors for patients with ventilator-associated events compared with patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in the sensitivity analysis. (DOCX 32 kb

Effect of Bacterial Community and Free Amino Acids on the Content of Biogenic Amines During Fermentation of Yu-lu, a Chinese Fermented Fish Sauce

<p>The main objective of this work was to investigate the effects of bacterial community and free amino acids on the content of biogenic amines in Yu-lu during fermentation. Four major biogenic amines (histamine, tyramine, cadaverine, and putrescine) were identified, and the content of tyramine was positively correlated with histamine (R value = 0.9113). Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, leucine, and lysine were the dominant free amino acids. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the composition of the bacterial community changed significantly during fermentation of Yu-lu. Principal component analysis revealed the crucial links between microbial community and biogenic amines. For example, <i>Halanaerobium</i> was probably associated with the formation of putrescine, while <i>Halomonas</i> might be associated with the degradation of biogenic amines at the end of fermentation of Yu-lu. This study provided a detailed evaluation of the Yu-lu fermentation process, enabling development of better strategies for biogenic amine control in fish sauce.</p

Biomimetic Preparation and Dual-Color Bioimaging of Fluorescent Silicon Nanoparticles

Fluorescent silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs), as the most important zero-dimensional silicon nanostructures, hold high promise for long-awaited silicon-based optic applications. There currently remain major challenges for the green, inexpensive, and mass production of fluorescent SiNPs, resulting in difficulties in sufficiently exploiting the properties of these remarkable materials. Here, we show that fluorescent small-sized (∼3.8 nm) SiNPs can be produced through biomimetic synthesis in rapid (10 min), low-cost, and environmentally benign manners. The as-prepared SiNPs simultaneously feature bright fluorescence (quantum yield (QY), ∼15–20%), narrow emission spectral width (full width at half-maximum (fwhm), ∼30 nm), and nontoxicity, making them as high-quality fluorescent probes for biological imaging in vitro and in vivo

Ultraviolet Random Laser Based on a Single GaN Microwire

Random lasing (RL) from self-constructed localized cavities based on micropits scatters in a single GaN microwire (MW) was investigated. The spectra and spatial resolution of RL exhibits that the lasing modes originated from different regions in the MW. Temperature-dependent lasing measurement of GaN RL shows an excellent characteristic temperature of about 52 K. In addition, the dependence of spatial localized cavities’ dimension on the pumping intensity profile and temperature was studied by fast Fourier transform spectroscopy. For GaN RL, the optical feedback was supported by localized paths through the scattering effect of micropits in the MW. The scattering feedback mechanism for RL can avoid the enormous difficulty in fabricating artificial cavity structures for GaN. Hence, the results in this paper represent a low-cost technique to realize GaN-based ultraviolet laser diodes without the fabrication difficulty of cavity facets

Enhanced Exciton Binding Energy of ZnO by Long-Distance Perturbation of Doped Be Atoms

The excitonic effect in semiconductors is sensitive to dopants. Origins of dopant-induced large variation in the exciton binding energy (<i>E</i>_b) is not well understood and has never been systematically studied. We choose ZnO as a typical high-<i>E</i>_b material, which is very promising in low-threshold lasing. To the best of our knowledge, its shortest wavelength electroluminescence lasing was realized by ZnO/BeZnO multiple quantum wells (MQWs). However, this exciting result is shadowed by a controversial <i>E</i>_b enhancement claimed. In this Letter, we reveal that the claimed <i>E</i>_b is sensible if we take Be-induced <i>E</i>_b variation into account. Detailed first-principle investigation of the interaction between dopant atoms and the lattice shows that the enhancement mainly comes from the long-distance perturbation of doped Be atoms rather than the local effect of doping atoms. This is a joint work of experiment and calculation, which from the angle of methology paves the way for understanding and predicting the <i>E</i>_b variation induced by doping

Distribution of SLAF tags and SNPs on chromosomes of 419 rice landraces.

<p>(a) SLAF tags on chromosomes; (b) SNPs on chromosomes.</p

Phylogenetic tree and PCA analysis for 419 rice landraces.

<p>(a) Clustering of 419 rice landraces; (b) PCA analysis of 419 rice landraces.</p

A sbuset of associated loci and candidate genes.

<p>A sbuset of associated loci and candidate genes.</p