بررسی نتایج حاصل از اجرای الگوی ارتقاء کیفیت مدیریت مواد زائد در بیمارستان شهید فقیهی شیراز طی سال 1384

مقدمه: رشد جمعیت و توسعه شهر نشینی افزایش بی رویه انواع ضایعات در تمامی کشورها را به همراه داشته است . امروزه دفع این پسمانده ها بویژه در بیمارستانها به عنوان یکی از مهمترین چالشهای زیست – محیطی در کشورهای توسعه یافته و در حال توسعه درآمده است. در این میان تخلیه پسمانده های خطرناک صنعتی و بیمارستانی ، بدون رعایت ملاحظات زیست محیطی و فنی به عنوان یکی از پیچیده ترین و پرهزینه ترین مشکلات مسئولان در هر کشوری محسوب می شود. لذا این پژوهش با هدف کاهش میزان تولید مواد زائد عفونی بیمارستان با استفاده از الگوی ارتقاء کیفیت مدیریت مواد زائد انجام گردید. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش مداخله ای که در یکی از بیمارستانهای آموزشی شیراز انجام گرفت تلاش شد تا با اجرای یک الگوی ارتقاء کیفیت مدیریت مواد زائد از میزان تولید مواد زائد عفونی بیمارستان کاسته شود. در این پژوهش طی دو مرحله قبل و بعد از اجرای الگو زباله های بیمارستانی وزن (بر حسب کیلوگرم) و مقایسه شدند. برای تحلیل داده ها از شاخص های آمار توصیفی استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که قبل از اجرای الگو میانگین روزانه تولید زباله در بیمارستان برای زباله های عفونی 813 کیلوگرم و برای زباله های عادی83 کیلوگرم بوده، همچنین میانگین روزانه تولید زباله عفونی در بخشهای بستری 43/3 کیلوگرم به ازاء تخت روز اشغالی بوده است . میزان تولید زباله عفونی در بیمارستان 7/90% کل زباله های بیمارستان را تشکیل می داد که بعد از اجرای الگوی ارتقاء کیفیت مدیریت مواد زائد این میزان به 6/57% کاهش یافت. نتیجه گیری: استفاده از مدل ارتقاء کیفیت مدیریت مواد زائد میزان تولید زباله عفونی را تا 1/33% کاهش داده است. بنابراین بیمارستانها می توانند با استفاده از مدل ارتقاء کیفیت مواد زائد، زباله های عفونی خود را کاهش دهند

High Throughput Screening of Organic Electrode Materials for Lithium Battery by Theoretical Method

Screening the appropriate organic electrode material of a lithium battery from the organic structure database by the theoretical method efficiently is crucial for the further experimental study. Unfortunately, the density functional theory is not appropriate due to that it fails to calculate the van der Waals interaction between the organic molecules. In this work, dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D2) was applied to study nine experimentally reported organic electrode materials, and the theoretical method successfully predicted their potentials, which suggests that it is a feasible method to search and investigate the organic electrode material. The method is further applied to investigate 31 organic crystallines selected from the CCDC (Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre) database. The theoretical results show that the potentials range from 0.01 eV to 2.76 V, while the capacities distribute from 150 to 623 mAh·g^–1, and most of the band gaps are smaller than 2.5 eV, which indicates that they are typical organic semiconductors with high electronic conductivity. The materials with a relatively high potential, high capacity, and small band gap are highligthed, including BAKGOJ, MEHROH, SUQDEN, and NUXGIW, which may be further investigated by experimenters

Study of Lithium Migration Pathways in the Organic Electrode Materials of Li-Battery by Dispersion-Corrected Density Functional Theory

Organic materials have been considered a promising alternative as electrodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. However, there are some obvious shortcomings, especially poor dynamics performance. Approaches to understand the reason for the poor dynamic performance are the main point of the present work. In this paper, an organic electrode material,C₁₂H₄N₄, is selected as a sample, and studied by dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D2). The calculation results show that the band gaps of delithiated and lithiated states are about 0.9 and 1.0 eV, respectively, which is consistent with the conventional conjugated organic materials implying the good electronic conductivity. The Li-ion migration pathway forms a complicated three-dimensional (3D) network. The migration energy barrier is higher than 0.53 eV, which is obviously higher than that of the inorganic electrode material, demonstrating the poor ionic conductivity. In organic materials, although the steric hindrance is lowered due to the large intermolecular space, the coulomb potential is significantly improved at the same time, which is the main reason for the high energy barrier of Li-ion migration. Effective ways to lower the lithium migration energy barrier and improve the ionic conductivity should be considered when synthesizing new organic electrode materials

Estimation of selection pressure and sequence variability for H5N1 influenza virus.

a<p>FEL, iFEL, SLAC significance levels are indicated by <i>P</i> values and site under positive selection (<i>P</i><0.05) are detected by at least one method.</p>b<p>The dN/dS ratios are estimated using the FEL method available in the Hyphy package.</p>c<p>The variability of each segment is calculated at the amino acid level.</p

PI3K/Akt signaling and differential gene expression analysis.

<p>(A) Schematic diagram for the regulation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. (B) Overview of temporal differential gene expression in rhesus macaques infected with A/Anhui/2/2005 (H5N1) at different time points. A color scale indicating expression levels for the heat map is shown at the top right. Genes exhibited up-regulated expression pattern over time are highlighted in red.</p

Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of the HA gene.

<p>The identical phylogeny with virus names is provided in Figure S1D. Coloured boxes adjacent to branch tips show the group classification of each gene segment of HPAI H5N1. Reassortant subgroups (R1, R2, R3) are indicated with square brackets. Six isolates sampled from southeast China are designated as blue circles. The asterisks denote the phylogenetic position of eleven recombinant viruses (CK/HuB/wj/97, CK/HB/108/02, CK/HB/718/01, DK/ZJ/bj/02, CK/GS/44/04, ML/GX/wt/04, CK/JX/25/04, DK/HN/8/08, DK/EC/108/08, CK/GZ/7/08, CK/SD/A-1/09).</p

Sequence variation along the non-structure 1 protein (NS1) sequence.

<p>(A) Number of polymorphisms (variants occurring in more than 1% sequences examined) at each position. (B) Schematic representation of the NS1 protein of H5N1, together with its known interactors. (C) Variation within RNA binding domain (RBD) and effector domain (ED) of NS1. Position containing 2 polymorphisms are coloured green, 3 polymorphisms are coloured cornflower blue and 4 or above are coloured hot pink and red, respectively. Residue positions have been imposed upon the 3D structure of NS1 from the Protein Data Bank (3F5T). (D) Panel shows the distribution of non-synonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) substitution (the number of substitutions per site) along the NS sequence.</p

Summary of the mosaic sequence identified in this study.

<p>NS: No significant P-value was recorded for this recombination event.</p

Tunable Permittivity in High-Performance Hyperbranched Polyimide Films by Adjusting Backbone Rigidity

Currently, low-dielectric polyimides (PIs) such as fluorinated or porous PIs exhibit a low-dielectric property but have undesirable mechanical and/or thermal properties. Therefore, it is crucial to find a more considerate method that could lower the permittivity, while maintaining or improving the mechanical and thermal properties. Herein, a series of hyperbranched (HB) PI films were synthesized by adjusting the content of the rigid diamine, 2,2′-dimethylbenzidine (DMBZ). The dielectric properties of the HBPIs were accordingly tuned, that is, the permittivity of the resulting HBPIs decreased with increasing the DMBZ fraction owing to the enlarged free volume and the hindered dipole orientations afforded by the rigid DMBZ. The maximum mechanical strength of the resulting HBPIs located at the formulation made using 50% DMBZ and 50% ODA. At this formulation, the optimal comprehensive performances were achieved, that is, excellent tensile strength (124.1 MPa), desirable thermal stability (5% weight loss temperature up to 505 °C with weight residual of 56.7% at 800 °C under argon), high glass-transition temperature (324 °C), low relative permittivity (2.69, 1 MHz), reduced water absorption (∼1.86%), and good solubility. Our approach provides a new idea to fabricate low-dielectric PIs with good mechanical and thermal properties

Additional file 1: of Comprehensive CircRNA expression profile and selection of key CircRNAs during priming phase of rat liver regeneration

The results of annotating circRNA host linear transcripts and analysing differentially expressed circRNAs at 2 h and 6 h after PH compared with CG. (XLSX 71 kb