Table_1_The Circadian Syndrome Predicts Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Better Than Metabolic Syndrome in Aging Males: A 4-Year Follow-Up Study.DOCX

Background: The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) increases in men. Although several risk factors, including metabolic syndrome (MetS) and depression, were identified, the underlying etiological factor remains unclear. Recently, circadian syndrome (CircS) was proposed as a novel risk cluster based on MetS. To compare the predictive power of the CircS and MetS for LUTS/BPH, this study was performed.Materials and Methods: In the baseline survey, 4,390 men older than 40 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were enrolled. Of them, 3,658 men were followed in the 2015 survey. Logistic regression was adopted to examine the relationships between CircS, MetS, and LUTS/BPH. To further verify the association, propensity score matching was used for sensitivity analyses. Moreover, the participants who had LUTS/BPH at the baseline were excluded to test the longitudinal relationships between CircS, MetS, and LUTS/BPH. In addition, we employed the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to compare the predictive power using the number of components of CircS and MetS. The DeLong test was used to test the disparities of area under the curves (AUCs).Results: The prevalence of CircS and MetS in aging men was 30.23 and 38.36%, respectively. The odds ratios for prevalent LUTS/BPH were 1.61 (95% CI = 1.29–2.00, P Conclusions: The CircS predicts both incident and prevalent LUTS/BPH better than MetS.</p

Image_5_Genetic Evidence Supporting the Causal Role of Homocysteine in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.JPEG

BackgroundThe causal relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) levels and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. This study was performed to estimate the potential causal effects of Hcy on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD.Materials and MethodsThe single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with one standard deviation (SD) Hcy increase were identified using the genome-wide association study (GWAS). The summary statistics of the eGFR and CKD were from the CKDGen project in the European ancestry and the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) project in the non-European ancestry. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used in this study to verify the causal effects among Hcy, eGFR, and CKD.ResultsThe results showed that 1-SD Hcy increase was causally associated with eGFR decline in the CKDGen project (β = −0.027 log ml.min–1/1.73 m2, p –1/1.73 m2, p ConclusionUsing genetic data, Hcy increase is causally associated with renal function injury and further CKD.</p

Reduced sleep duration increases the risk of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in middle-aged and elderly males: a national cross-sectional study

The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) remains high in men. However, whether reduced sleep duration enhances the risk of LUTS/BPH remains unknown. The 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study was used in this study. Binary logistic regression was adopted to test the relationship between sleep duration and LUTS/BPH. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was used to examine the non-linear association. In sensitivity analyses, propensity scores matching was performed to verify the robustness of the results. In this study, 8,920 males aged 40 years above were enrolled. In the fully adjusted logistic model, across the quartiles of sleep duration, the odds ratios of LUTS/BPH were 1.00 (reference), 0.94 (95% CI 0.77–1.15), 0.74 (95% CI 0.58–0.94), 0.54 (0.37–0.75), respectively. The results of RCS indicated a non-linear inverted U-shaped association between sleep duration and LUTS/BPH (p for non-linearity p for interaction >0.05). Reduced sleep duration is significantly associated with the increases of the LUTS/BPH risk in Chinese middle-aged and elderly males.</p

Image_1_Genetic Evidence Supporting the Causal Role of Homocysteine in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.JPEG

BackgroundThe causal relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) levels and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. This study was performed to estimate the potential causal effects of Hcy on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD.Materials and MethodsThe single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with one standard deviation (SD) Hcy increase were identified using the genome-wide association study (GWAS). The summary statistics of the eGFR and CKD were from the CKDGen project in the European ancestry and the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) project in the non-European ancestry. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used in this study to verify the causal effects among Hcy, eGFR, and CKD.ResultsThe results showed that 1-SD Hcy increase was causally associated with eGFR decline in the CKDGen project (β = −0.027 log ml.min–1/1.73 m2, p –1/1.73 m2, p ConclusionUsing genetic data, Hcy increase is causally associated with renal function injury and further CKD.</p

Table_1_Genetic Evidence Supporting a Causal Role of Snoring in Erectile Dysfunction.pdf

BackgroundThe association between snoring and erectile dysfunction (ED) is inconsistent in multiple observational studies. To clarify the causal association of snoring on ED, we performed this two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Materials and MethodsThe single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with snoring were retrieved from the UK biobank cohort with 314,449 participants (117,812 cases and 196,637 controls). The summary statistics of ED were obtained from the European ancestry with 223,805 subjects (6,175 cases and 217,630 controls). Single-variable Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR were used to assess the causal relationship between snoring and ED.ResultsSnoring increases the risk of ED (Odds ratio [OR] = 3.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.68 - 7.09, P 0.05), and 3.59 (95% CI = 1.07 – 12.00, P 0.05). After adjusting for total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and cigarette consumption, the ORs for ED are 5.75 (95% CI = 1.80 - 18.34, P ConclusionThis study provides genetic evidence supporting the causal role of snoring in ED.</p

Image_2_Genetic Evidence Supporting the Causal Role of Homocysteine in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.JPEG

BackgroundThe causal relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) levels and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. This study was performed to estimate the potential causal effects of Hcy on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD.Materials and MethodsThe single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with one standard deviation (SD) Hcy increase were identified using the genome-wide association study (GWAS). The summary statistics of the eGFR and CKD were from the CKDGen project in the European ancestry and the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) project in the non-European ancestry. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used in this study to verify the causal effects among Hcy, eGFR, and CKD.ResultsThe results showed that 1-SD Hcy increase was causally associated with eGFR decline in the CKDGen project (β = −0.027 log ml.min–1/1.73 m2, p –1/1.73 m2, p ConclusionUsing genetic data, Hcy increase is causally associated with renal function injury and further CKD.</p

Table_1_Genetic Evidence Supporting the Causal Role of Homocysteine in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.DOC

BackgroundThe causal relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) levels and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. This study was performed to estimate the potential causal effects of Hcy on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD.Materials and MethodsThe single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with one standard deviation (SD) Hcy increase were identified using the genome-wide association study (GWAS). The summary statistics of the eGFR and CKD were from the CKDGen project in the European ancestry and the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) project in the non-European ancestry. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used in this study to verify the causal effects among Hcy, eGFR, and CKD.ResultsThe results showed that 1-SD Hcy increase was causally associated with eGFR decline in the CKDGen project (β = −0.027 log ml.min–1/1.73 m2, p –1/1.73 m2, p ConclusionUsing genetic data, Hcy increase is causally associated with renal function injury and further CKD.</p

Image_4_Genetic Evidence Supporting the Causal Role of Homocysteine in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.JPEG

BackgroundThe causal relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) levels and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. This study was performed to estimate the potential causal effects of Hcy on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD.Materials and MethodsThe single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with one standard deviation (SD) Hcy increase were identified using the genome-wide association study (GWAS). The summary statistics of the eGFR and CKD were from the CKDGen project in the European ancestry and the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) project in the non-European ancestry. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used in this study to verify the causal effects among Hcy, eGFR, and CKD.ResultsThe results showed that 1-SD Hcy increase was causally associated with eGFR decline in the CKDGen project (β = −0.027 log ml.min–1/1.73 m2, p –1/1.73 m2, p ConclusionUsing genetic data, Hcy increase is causally associated with renal function injury and further CKD.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Non-linear Associations Between Visceral Adiposity Index and Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases: Results From the NHANES (1999–2018).docx

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCDs) in the American population from 1999 to 2018.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998–2018) were analyzed in this study. Specifically, VAI scores were calculated using sex-specific equations that incorporate body mass index, waist circumference (WC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and cholesterol. Weighted logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between VAI tertile and increased risk of CCDs. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the non-linear relationship between VAI and CCDs, such as heart failure, angina, heart attack, stroke, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. Sensitivity analysis was conducted, using VAI quartiles as independent variables.ResultsA total of 22,622 subjects aged over 20 years were included. In the fully adjusted model after controlling for covariates, the third VAI tertile was more strongly associated with CCDs than the first VAI tertile, with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) values for angina of 2.86, 1.68–4.85; heart attack, 1.75, 1.14–2.69; stroke, 2.01, 1.23–3.26; hypertension, 2.28, 1.86–2.78; and coronary heart disease, 1.78, 1.32–2.41; but there was no significant association with heart failure (p > 0.05). Restricted cubic splines revealed parabolic relationships between VAI score and angina (p for non-linear = 0.03), coronary heart disease (p for non-linear = 0.01), and hypertension (p for non-linear ConclusionVisceral adiposity index score is positively correlated with angina, heart attack, stroke, hypertension, and coronary heart disease, but not heart failure, and the relationships between VAI score and angina, hypertension, and coronary heart disease are non-linear.</p

Image_3_Genetic Evidence Supporting the Causal Role of Homocysteine in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.JPEG

BackgroundThe causal relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) levels and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. This study was performed to estimate the potential causal effects of Hcy on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD.Materials and MethodsThe single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with one standard deviation (SD) Hcy increase were identified using the genome-wide association study (GWAS). The summary statistics of the eGFR and CKD were from the CKDGen project in the European ancestry and the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) project in the non-European ancestry. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used in this study to verify the causal effects among Hcy, eGFR, and CKD.ResultsThe results showed that 1-SD Hcy increase was causally associated with eGFR decline in the CKDGen project (β = −0.027 log ml.min–1/1.73 m2, p –1/1.73 m2, p ConclusionUsing genetic data, Hcy increase is causally associated with renal function injury and further CKD.</p