Visible-Light-Induced Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular Markovnikov Hydroamination of Alkenes

A visible-light-induced copper-catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes using commercially accessible primary and secondary amines has been established. This effective method exhibits good tolerance of a broad range of functional groups and provides a facile access to an array of valuable amines with Markovnikov regioselectivity. The process can be positively expected to be used in bioactive amines, and it may provide new potential in the discovery of copper-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization reactions

Enantioselective 1,2-Difunctionalization of 1,3-Butadiene by Sequential Alkylation and Carbonyl Allylation

A highly enantioselective three-component coupling of 1,3-butadiene with a variety of fluorinated or nonfluorinated alkyl halides and aldehydes has been achieved relying on a Cr/Co bimetallic catalysis system. The strategy established here facilitates straightforward introduction of the privileged fluoro functionalities into homoallylic alcohols from bulk feedstock materials in a highly <i>anti</i>-diastereo and enantioselective manner

Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary Stereocenters via Chromium Catalysis

Asymmetric allylation of aldehydes with γ-disubstituted allyl halides has been achieved in the presence of a sulfonamide/oxazoline chromium complex. A variety of synthetically useful α-homoallylic alcohols with two consecutive stereogenic centers, including one quaternary carbon, can be accessed in a highly diastereoselective and enantioselective manner

Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular Carboamination of Alkenes Induced by Visible Light

A photoinduced copper-catalyzed three-component reaction involving carbohalide, alkene and amine has been developed, leading to valuable fluoroalkyl-containing amines. A sole inexpensive CuCl is used as the photo- and coupling catalyst. A broad array of substrates are capable coupling partners. The diverse method is compatible with a broad range of functional groups and can be further applied to the late-stage functionalization of bioactive pharmaceuticals

Synthesis of <i>N</i>‑(α-Fluorovinyl)azoles by the Reaction of Difluoroalkenes with Azoles

A mild and versatile method for the construction of C–N bonds by the reaction of (2,2-difluorovinyl)­arenes with various N–H-containing heterocycles in the presence of K₃PO₄ has been developed. The reaction proceeded efficiently at room temperature (25 °C) affording the (<i>E</i>)-<i>N</i>-α-fluorovinyl derivatives of azoles <b>3</b> in good to excellent yields with relatively high stereoselectivity

Noncatalytic Pyridyl-Directed Alkylation and Arylation Carbon–Fluorine Bond of Polyfluoroarenes with Grignard Reagents

Cross-coupling reaction of polyfluoroarenes with Grignard reagents via pyridine-directed cleavage of C–F bond in the absence of metal catalysts was developed. A possible mechanism was suggested

Image2_The efficacy and safety of intralesional injection of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum for Peyronie’s disease: A meta-analysis of published prospective studies.TIF

Background: Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a progressive fibrotic disorder of the penis that is adverse to men’s health. Currently, effective and reliable non-surgical options for PD are limited. Since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved it in 2013, intralesional injection of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) became the only licensed treatment for PD. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of CCH in treating PD, predominantly based on post-FDA studies.Methods: The primary outcome was clinical efficacy evaluated by the percentages of improvement in penile curvature (PC) and Peyronie’s disease symptom bother score (PD bother score). The secondary outcome was the safety assessed by treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran’s Q and I2 tests. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to evaluate the publication bias.Results: A total of 11 studies with 1,480 intentions to treat (ITT) population were included. The pooled effect of the improvement of PC was 35% (95% CI: 0.33–0.38), and the pooled improvement of the PD bother score was 41% (95% CI: 0.37–0.45). No heterogeneity was found at the pooled improvement of PC (p = 0.845, I2 = 0.00%). Meanwhile, some heterogeneity existed in the pooled improvement of the PD bother score (p = 0.069, I2 = 43.4%). The pooled effect of TRAEs was 93% (95% CI 0.88–0.97) with significant heterogeneity (p 2 = 92.3%).Conclusion: The intralesional injection of CCH could significantly improve the penile deformity of PD patients. Meanwhile, CCH appears to ameliorate the PD bother score to some extent and has acceptable clinical safety. Future studies are required to clarify the long-term outcomes of CCH injection in the treatment of PD.</p

Original underlying data for Fig 6.

Correction: Fuling Granule, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound, Suppresses Cell Proliferation and TGFβ-Induced EMT in Ovarian Cancer</p

Significantly different species analysis on the family level and genus level.

A: Analysis of significantly different species at the family level; B: Analysis of significantly different species at the genus level (*, P < 0.05; **, P <0 .01; ***, P <0 .001).</p