Data_Sheet_1_Stigmatizing attitudes toward mental disorders among non-mental health nurses in general hospitals of China: a national survey.docx

BackgroundNegative attitudes of nurses toward mental disorders have been reported in various countries. Nurses’ stigmatizing attitudes can harm patients with mental disorders (PWMD), thereby delaying the provision of help to patients and leading to decreased quality of care. In this study, we aimed to assess Chinese nurses’ stigmatizing attitudes toward patients with mental illness and provide a basis for future development and testing of appropriate and culturally adapted interventions to reduce it.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the attitudes of Non-mental Health Nurses (NMHNs) in general hospitals in China toward the stigma of PWMD and determine the factors influencing them.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of NMHNs in general hospitals were conducted. A self-designed WeChat-based questionnaire was used that included demographic information about the need for training on mental health issues. Participants were provided with a vignette of a depression case with suicidal thoughts. The Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) and Social Distance Scale (SDS) were used to assess attitudes toward mental disorders. Nine questions on the adequacy of knowledge about anxiety and depression and the current status of scale use were used to assess the current status of training needs for mental disorders. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression were used for the table.ResultsA total of 8,254 nurses in non-mental health professions participated in this study. The mean DSS score of NMHNs was (17.24 ± 6.700), and the SDS score was (10.34 ± 3.154). The total detection rate of stigma among the survey respondents was 13.40% (1,107/8254). Multivariate logistic regression showed that age between 30 and 39 years [p = 0.001, OR = 1.427 (1.154–1.764)], 4 years of work experience and above [p = 0.018, OR = 1.377 (1.056–1.796)], having a bachelor’s degree [p ConclusionStigmatizing attitudes toward PWMD exist among NMHNs in general hospitals in China. Thus, more mental health education programs for NMHNs are needed. Factors associated with higher morbidity stigma can be used to develop appropriate interventions to improve NMHNs’ stigmatizing attitudes and provide better quality care to PWMD.</p

Combinatorial Library of Light-Cleavable Lipidoid Nanoparticles for Intracellular Drug Delivery

Synthetic lipid-like molecules (lipidoids) are superior for intracellular delivery of various bioactive cargos. Through incorporating stimuli-responsive linkers, lipidoid nanoparticle-based delivery systems with triggered-release features can be constructed. Enhanced delivery performances have been achieved using disulfide bond-containing bioreducible lipidoids. Herein, we further expand the stimuli-responsive combinatorial lipidoids library by integrating the photocleavable o-nitrobenzyl moiety into the hydrophobic tail of the lipidoids. The structures of these novel lipidoids were confirmed by NMR and MS. The nanoparticles were fabricated through self-assembly procedures, and their photoresponsive behaviors were examined. Light-regulated cargo release and following functionality restoration indicated the potential of the newly developed lipidoid nanoparticles for spatiotemporal delivery

Association of clinical signs in the FUO patients (n = 184) with the viruses detected.

<p>Association of clinical signs in the FUO patients (n = 184) with the viruses detected.</p

Distribution of HHVs among different age groups in this study.

<p>Distribution of HHVs among different age groups in this study.</p

Demographic and aetiological data.

<p>Demographic and aetiological data.</p

Primers(5′-3′) and Targets Used for the Detection of Human Herpes Viruses in the Study.

<p>Primers(5′-3′) and Targets Used for the Detection of Human Herpes Viruses in the Study.</p

Three Types of Distinguishing l‑Alanine-Decorated and Rare-Earth-Incorporated Arsenotungstate Hybrids Prepared in a Facile One-Step Assembly Strategy

Three kinds of distinguishing ala-decorated RE-incorporated (ala = l-alanine, RE = rare-earth) polytungstoarsenate hybrids containing {As2W19O68} building blocks [H2N­(CH3)2]13­Na3H2­[Eu4W5(H2O)10­(ala)3O14­(As2­W19­O68)2]­·35H2O (1), [H2N­(CH3)2]12­Na2H2­[RE4W6(H2O)8­(ala)4O15­(OH)2(As2W19O68)2]­·36H2O [RE = Gd3+ (2), Tb3+ (3)], and [H2N­(CH3)2]12­Na4­[RE4W6­(H2O)10­(ala)2­O15­(OH)2­(As2­W19­O68)2]­·40H2O [RE = Dy3+ (4), Ho3+ (5), Er3+ (6), Yb3+ (7), Lu3+ (8)] were made in a facile one-step assembly strategy. The polyoxoanion skeletons of 1–8 are very similar, and all can be described as two [As2W19O68]16– moieties encapsulating an ala-decorated W–O–RE heterometallic cluster ([Eu4W5(H2O)10­(ala)3­O14]14+ for 1, [RE4W6(H2O)8­(ala)4O15(OH)2]16+ for 2–3, and [RE4W6­(H2O)10(ala)2O15­(OH)2]16+ for 4–8, resulting in a four-leaf--clover-shaped tetrameric structure; however, the major discrepancy in the ala-decorated W–O–RE heterometallic clusters lies in the number of ala molecules equaling to three, four, and two, which may result from the various coordination geometries of RE ions and the different construction modes of W–O–RE heterometallic clusters. It should be emphasized that the carboxyl groups of ala ligands only coordinate to the W centers in 4–8, while they not only bridge the W centers together but also combine RE ions together in 1–3. Besides, the solid luminescent properties and lifetime decay behaviors of 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were systematically investigated at ambient temperature, and time-resolved fluorescence spectra of 1, 3, and 5 were also examined. Furthermore, the electrochemical response properties of composite CS-CMWCNs-1, 3, or 5/GCE electrochemical sensors toward the dopamine detection were investigated, which will offer the possibility of RE-incorporated polyoxometalates for acting as electrochemical response electrode materials

Investigating the Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins by Lipid Nanoparticles Using the Chloroalkane Penetration Assay

Protein therapeutics are an expanding area for research and drug development, and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most prominent nonviral vehicles for protein delivery. The most common methods for assessing protein delivery by LNPs include assays that measure the total amount of protein taken up by cells and assays that measure the phenotypic changes associated with protein delivery. However, assays for total cellular uptake include large amounts of protein that are trapped in endosomes or are otherwise nonfunctional. Assays for functional delivery are important, but the readouts are indirect and amplified, limiting the quantitative interpretation. Here, we apply an assay for cytosolic delivery, the chloroalkane penetration assay (CAPA), to measure the cytosolic delivery of a (–30) green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to Cre recombinase (Cre(–30)GFP) fusion protein by LNPs. We compare these data to the data from total cellular uptake and functional delivery assays to provide a richer analysis of uptake and endosomal escape for LNP-mediated protein delivery. We also use CAPA for a screen of a small library of lipidoids, identifying those with a promising ability to deliver Cre(–30)GFP to the cytosol of mammalian cells. With careful controls and optimized conditions, we expect that CAPA will be a useful tool for investigating the rate, efficiency, and mechanisms of LNP-mediated delivery of therapeutic proteins

Data_Sheet_1_Evaluating a Psychological First Aid Training Intervention (Preparing Me) to Support the Mental Health and Wellbeing of Chinese Healthcare Workers During Healthcare Emergencies: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial.docx

Aims/BackgroundThe mental health challenges faced by frontline healthcare workers responding to emergencies have become a prominent public concern. Despite the consensus that Psychological First Aid (PFA) training can effectively support public mental health during emergencies through reducing acute distress and improving self-efficacy, yet it is concerning that previous flexible delivery and neglect for evaluating PFA training has resulted in unintended potential harms which may prevent further proactive uptake of this mental health prevention strategies. Establishing the feasibility of the PFA training through adapting to the local culture, tailoring to frontline healthcare context, and evaluating systematically may be helpful to inform a large trial, or ensure effective and sustained training delivery. This study aims to present a protocol for evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of a well-adapted PFA training intervention (Preparing Me) to address the implementation gap in this mental health promotion approach.MethodThis is a two-armed feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) to be conducted among 80 Chinese frontline healthcare workers without prior related mental health training. Participants from the intervention group will receive an adapted PFA training program tailored to the Chinese frontline context to improve their knowledge and skills to support people in crisis. The primary objectives are to evaluate the training intervention's feasibility and the target population's acceptance of this educational intervention. The secondary objective is to obtain preliminary estimates of variability in participants' outcomes over a 3-months period. Measurements are taken pre-intervention (T0), post-intervention (T1), and at 1- and 3-months follow-up (T2–T3). A process evaluation using qualitative research with a subgroup of trainees, their clinical managers as well as trainers will be conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the intervention's acceptability and feasibility.DiscussionThis present study protocol will help to establish whether this adapted PFA training intervention is feasible and accepted by the frontline healthcare workers, in preparation for a later effectiveness trial. It is anticipated that the resulted information would be an impetus to maximize usability and acceptance of this low-intensity PFA skillset by a wider population, thus supporting the mental health of frontline healthcare workers in dealing with crises for future emergencies.Trial RegistrationThis trial has been approved by the Institution Review Board from Central South University (LYG2020029) and by the Psychiatry, Nursing and Midwifery Research Ethics Committee at King's College London, England (LRS/DP-21/22-23161). It also has been processing registration at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.</p

Light-Triggered Concomitant Enhancement of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Performance and Drug Release Rate of Functionalized Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer Micelles

Polymeric drug nanocarriers integrated with diagnostic and sensing functions are capable of in situ monitoring the biodistribution of chemotherapeutic drugs and imaging/contrasting agents, which enables the establishment of image-guided personalized cancer therapeutic protocols. Responsive multifunctional theranostic nanocarriers possessing external stimuli-tunable drug release rates and imaging signal intensities represent another promising direction in this field. In this work, we fabricated responsive amphiphilic diblock copolymer micelles exhibiting light-triggered hydrophobic–hydrophilic transition within micellar cores and the concomitant enhancement of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast performance and release rate of physically encapsulated hydrophobic drugs. POEGMA-<i>b</i>-P­(NIPAM-<i>co</i>-NBA-<i>co</i>-<i>Gd</i>) diblock copolymer covalently labeled with Gd³⁺ complex (<i>Gd</i>) in the light-responsive block was synthesized at first, where OEGMA, NIPAM, and NBA are oligo­(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate, <i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide, and <i>o</i>-nitrobenzyl acrylate, respectively. The amphiphilic diblock copolymer spontaneously self-assembles in aqueous solution into micellar nanoparticles possessing hydrophobic P­(NIPAM-<i>co</i>-NBA-<i>co</i>-<i>Gd</i>) cores and hydrophilic POEGMA coronas, which can physically encapsulate doxorubicin (Dox) as a model chemotherapeutic drug. Upon UV irradiation, hydrophobic NBA moieties within micellar cores transform into hydrophilic carboxyl derivatives, triggering micelle microstructural changes and core swelling. During this process, the microenvironment surrounding Gd³⁺ complexes was subjected to a transition from being hydrophobic to hydrophilic, leading to the enhancement of MR imaging contrast performance, that is, ∼1.9-fold increase in longitudinal relaxivity (<i>r</i>₁). In addition, the release rate of encapsulated Dox was also enhanced (∼65% of Dox release in 12 h upon UV irradiation versus ∼47% Dox release in 25 h for the control). The reported strategy of light-triggered coenhancement of MR imaging contrast performance and drug release profiles represents a general route to the construction of next generation smart polymeric theranostic nanocarriers