Theoretical Studies on the Energetic Salts of Substituted 3,3′-Amino‑<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′‑azo-1,2,4-triazoles: The Role of Functional Groups

Thirty energetic salts formed by substituted 3,3′-amino-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-azo-1,2,4-triazoles (<b>A</b> to <b>F</b>) with functional groups (−H, −NH₂, −CH₃, −N₃, −NO₂ or −NF₂) and acids (HCl (<b>I</b>), HNO₃ (<b>II</b>), HClO₄ (<b>III</b>), HN­(NO₂)₂ (<b>IV</b>) and HC­(NO₂)₃ (<b>V</b>)) were studied using the density functional theory (DFT). The proton (H1) of an acid plays a more important role in intramolecular interactions than the other H atoms. The electron withdrawing groups −N₃, −NF₂, and −NO₂ improve the positive charge on the H1 compared to that of series <b>A</b> without substituent, which results in the stronger intramoleuclar hydrogen bonding interaction and second perturbation interaction, the opposite effects were caused by the electron donating groups −CH₃ and −NH₂. −N₃, −NF₂ and −NO₂ gradually enhance density, heat of formation, and detonation performance, while −NH₂ and −CH₃ lower those characteristics. <b>IIID</b> to <b>IIIF</b>, <b>IVE</b> to <b>IVF</b>, and <b>VE</b> to <b>VF</b> have detonation properties (<i>D</i> = 9.49 km/s to 10.72 km/s, <i>P</i> = 43.51 GPa to 58.14 GPa, <i>I</i>_s = 260 s to 291 s); they can be the valuable target of synthesis. The −N₃, −NF₂, and −NO₂ groups should be the preferred functional groups for energetic salts

MOESM2 of Systematic engineering of pentose phosphate pathway improves Escherichia coli succinate production

Additional file 2. Sequences of regulatory elements in engineering of PPP

MOESM5 of Systematic engineering of pentose phosphate pathway improves Escherichia coli succinate production

Additional file 5. Solving metabolic burdens through multivariate modular engineering

Spectral unmixing for unspecific CLI and BAT CLI.

<p>(a) Unmix #1 showed that unspecific CLI signal from ¹⁸F-FDG was distributed over the whole body (the unmixed spectrum for this image is shown in (d) (blue line)). (b) Unmix #2 indicated that the majority of CLI at interscapular site was from BAT (the unmixed spectrum is shown in (d) (red line)). CLI peak was around 640 nm. (c) Merged image of Unmix #1 and #2. (d) The CLI spectra of Unmix #1 and #2.</p

HbA1c is Positively Associated with Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) in Patients with Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

<p><br></p> <p><b>Article full text</b></p> <p><br></p> <p>The full text of this article can be found <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13300-017-0356-2"><b>here</b>.</a></p> <p><br></p> <p><b>Provide enhanced content for this article</b></p> <p><br></p> <p>If you are an author of this publication and would like to provide additional enhanced content for your article then please contact <a href="http://www.medengine.com/Redeem/”mailto:[email protected]”"><b>[email protected]</b></a>.</p> <p> </p> <p>The journal offers a range of additional features designed to increase visibility and readership. All features will be thoroughly peer reviewed to ensure the content is of the highest scientific standard and all features are marked as ‘peer reviewed’ to ensure readers are aware that the content has been reviewed to the same level as the articles they are being presented alongside. Moreover, all sponsorship and disclosure information is included to provide complete transparency and adherence to good publication practices. This ensures that however the content is reached the reader has a full understanding of its origin. No fees are charged for hosting additional open access content.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Other enhanced features include, but are not limited to:</p> <p><br></p> <p>• Slide decks</p> <p>• Videos and animations</p> <p>• Audio abstracts</p> <p>• Audio slides</p

Multispectral Cerenkov luminescence tomography.

<p>(a–d) 3D reconstruction of the images. Interscapular BAT could be seen in coronal (a), sagittal (b), and transverse views (c), as well as in the 3D image (d); (e) Physical BAT shape is shown (blue arrow) which correlated with reconstructed images.</p

Validation of CLI signal originating from BAT (n = 3).

<p>(a–b) Biodistribution of ¹⁸F-FDG in dissected tissues. Radioactivity quantifications (a) and CLI readings (b). Both methods indicated that BAT had the highest ¹⁸F-FDG uptake. (c–d) Representative images of mice before (c, left) and after (c, right) BAT removal; (d) Quantification indicated that >85% CLI originated from BAT.</p

CLI imaging of the interscapular BAT.

<p>(a) Triangular contour of interscapular BAT (blue arrow) in a mouse; (left) BAT is covered with white adipose tissue, and (right) BAT is exposed. (b) CLI images of a mouse at 30, 60, 120 minutes after ¹⁸F-FDG (10.3 MBq) intravenous injection. The images clearly outline the contour of BAT, even after 120 minutes of ¹⁸F-FDG injection. (c) Quantitative analysis of CLI signal from interscapular BAT area and a reference area.</p

Reliability correlation studies of <i>in vivo</i> CLI imaging, <i>ex vivo</i> CLI imaging, and radioactive dosimetric countings of BAT.

<p>(a) <i>In vivo</i> CLI images of mice injected with ¹⁸F-FDG under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia without (top panel, mice #1–4) and with NE treatment (lower panel, mice #5–8). (b) <i>Ex vivo</i> CLI images of BAT of mice in (a). (c) Dosimetric countings of <i>ex vivo</i> BAT in (b). (d) Correlation between <i>in vivo</i> CLI signals and dosimetric countings. (e) Correlation between <i>ex vivo</i> CLI signals and dosimetric countings. (f) Correlation between <i>ex vivo</i> CLI signals and <i>in vivo</i> CLI signals. Correlation plots in D-F suggest that <i>in vivo</i> CLI signals, <i>ex vivo</i> CLI signals, and <i>ex vivo</i> radioactivity measurements were highly interrelated.</p

CLI imaging with ¹⁸F-FDG for monitoring BAT activation.

<p>(a) Representative CLI images of BAT of mice with (left) and without (right) NE stimulation under short isoflurane anesthesia. (b) Quantitative analysis of the CLI signals from the two groups in a (n = 4 for each group). (c) Representative CLI images of BAT of mice with (left) and without (right) NE treatment under long isoflurane anesthesia (60 minutes). (d) Quantitative analysis of the CLI signals from the two groups shown in c (n = 3–4 for each group). (e) Representative CLI images of BAT of mice with (left) and without (right) cold stimulation under short isoflurane anesthesia. (f) Quantitative analysis of the CLI signals from the two groups shown in e (n = 3–4 for each group). (g) Representative CLI images of BAT at 60 minutes after ¹⁸F-FDG injection under short isoflurane anesthesia (5 min) (left) and ketamine/xylazine anesthesia (70 minutes) (right). (h) Quantitative analysis of the CLI signals from the two groups shown in g (n = 4 for each group).</p