Personalised online sales using web usage data mining

Practically every major company with a retail operation has its own web site and online sales facilities. This paper describes a toolset that exploits web usage data mining techniques to identify customer Internet browsing patterns. These patterns are then used to underpin a personalised product recommendation system for online sales. Within the architecture, a Kohonen neural network or self-organizing map (SOM) has been trained for use both offline, to discover user group profiles, and in real-time to examine active user click stream data, make a match to a specific user group, and recommend a unique set of product browsing options appropriate to an individual user. Our work demonstrates that this approach can overcome the scalability problem that is common among these types of system. Our results also show that a personalised recommender system powered by the SOM predictive model is able to produce consistent recommendations

Personalising e-commerce: An approach based on capturing real-time browsing behaviour

The rise in online trading and consequent proliferation of user’s interests on the internet has created significant interest in the notion of personalised product recommendations. This research describes a Web personalisation and recommender system that uses web usage data mining techniques to predict user’s preferences and interests during each browsing session and provide tailored content based on this prediction in order to leverage customer retention and engage users at personal level. There are problems associated with traditional Web personalisation approaches such as collaborative or content-based filtering. These problems include lack of scalability and reliance on subjective user input during online registration process. In this research, we present a framework distinguishing the web usage mining task with a short-term (online) module and a long-term (offline) module. An offline web usage mining operation is scheduled at off-peak times acting upon click stream, whilst, an online mining process is dedicated to delivering tailored personalised services to the current user in real time. This research demonstrates that such an approach can overcome the scalability problem that is common among traditional approaches, and successfully provide a personalised service to any anonymous visits without a dependency on user registration. In addition, the proposed system is implemented in an open and expandable platform based on a three-tier architecture. This research has demonstrated that the three-tier implementation can overcome the limitations of traditional systems based on a two-tier architecture with increased scalability.</p

Chinese electronic journals

Chinese electronic journal

Forest plot of three studies with HR of DCP response for PFS.

Forest plot of three studies with HR of DCP response for PFS.</p

Electroluminescence of Multicomponent Conjugated Polymers. 1. Roles of Polymer/Polymer Interfaces in Emission Enhancement and Voltage-Tunable Multicolor Emission in Semiconducting Polymer/Polymer Heterojunctions

Effects of the electronic structure of polymer/polymer interfaces on the electroluminescence efficiency and tunable multicolor emission of polymer heterojunction light-emitting diodes were explored by a series of 16 n-type conjugated polymers with varying electron affinities and ionization potentials in conjunction with poly(p-phenylenevinylene). Efficiency and luminance of diodes of the type indium−tin oxide/poly(p-phenylenevinylene)/n-type polymer/aluminum were maximized and were as high as 3% photons/electron and 820 cd/m2, respectively, when the energetics at the polymer/polymer interface favored electron transfer while disfavoring hole transfer. Energetic barrier to electron transfer at the polymer/polymer interface was more important to electroluminescence efficiency and diode luminance than injection barrier at the cathode/polymer interface. By a judicious choice of the relative layer thicknesses and the components of the bilayer heterojunctions, the rate of both electron and hole transfer across the polymer/polymer interface can be regulated by the applied voltage, resulting in continuous voltage tunability of emission colors. The voltage tunable multicolor emission is exemplified by red (5 V) ↔ yellow (9 V) ↔ green (12 V) and other intermediate color switching in poly(p-phenylenevinylene)/poly(2,6-(4-phenyl)quinoline) (PPQ) diodes. The multicolors obtained from a single heterojunction diode by varying the applied voltage originated from the mixing of the component emission spectra in varying proportions facilitated by interfacial charge transfer and finite size effects. Electroluminescence microscopy was used to directly image the multicolor diodes. These results suggest that the electronic structure of polymer/polymer interfaces and finite size effects dominate the emission features and performance of light-emitting devices based on multicomponent polymers such as multilayered thin films, phase-separated blends, and block copolymers. The results also have implications for photovoltaic cells and other optoelectronic devices using conjugated polymers

Forest plot of four studies with HR of DCP response for OS.

Forest plot of four studies with HR of DCP response for OS.</p

Subgroup analyses of three studies with HR of DCP baseline for OS.

Subgroup analyses of three studies with HR of DCP baseline for OS.</p

Egger’s test for DCP baseline.

Egger’s test for DCP baseline.</p

Forest plot of three studies with HR of DCP baseline for OS.

Forest plot of three studies with HR of DCP baseline for OS.</p

Subgroup analyses of four studies with HR of DCP response for OS.

Subgroup analyses of four studies with HR of DCP response for OS.</p