Fig 2 -

Density distribution of the construction land for the main functional spaces in the central urban area of Changchun at different scales: (A) 500 m scale; (B) 1000 m scale; (C) 2000 m scale.</p

Fig 5 -

The distribution map of LISA of the mixed land use function index of the main functional space in the central urban area of Changchun at different scales (p<0.1): (A) 500 m scale; (B) 1000 m scale; (C) 2000 m scale.</p

1000m scale main data of each grid.

The urban spatial structure in this study refers to the combination of different categories of land use, and the purpose of the study is to reveal the intrinsic correlation characteristics between urban land use structural combination forms and urban functions. Through the integration of land and population maps and other multi-source data, with the help of exploratory spatial data analysis and other models, this research deals with the land use spatial structure characteristics of Changchun city and its coordination relationship with urban functions. Main conclusions of the study are as follows. The overall density of the land use in the central urban area of Changchun shows patterns of the core being higher than the periphery, the large-scale agglomeration being significant and the small-scale relatively scattered, and the pattern of the mixed land use function index has obvious differentiation characteristics. The study shows that, in the context of the spatial pattern, the overall coupling coordination degree of the land use structure index and the urban function index shows a trend of a gradual decrease, from the core to the periphery. In the context of category differences, the coupling coordination of the land use structure with the population distribution and the Baidu thermal distribution is relatively high, and the coupling coordination with various service facilities is relatively low. Finally, in the context of scale differences, all types of coupling coordination degrees have significant sensitivity to the spatial scales. A large scale significantly reflects the overall decrease in the coupling coordination degrees from the core to the periphery, while a small scale shows the polycentric pattern characteristics of the urban spatial structure.</div

Fig 4 -

The distribution of the mixed land use function index of the main functional space in the central urban area of Changchun at different scales: (A) 500 m scale; (B) 1000 m scale; (C) 2000 m scale.</p

Fig 7 -

The distribution map of the coupling coordination degree between the mixed land use function index and the main urban functional elements in the central urban area of Changchun at different scales: (A) 500 m scale; (B) 1000 m scale; (C) 2000 m scale. Note: MPD represents the coupling coordination degree between the mixed land use function index and the urban population, and so on.</p

2000m scale main data of each grid.

The urban spatial structure in this study refers to the combination of different categories of land use, and the purpose of the study is to reveal the intrinsic correlation characteristics between urban land use structural combination forms and urban functions. Through the integration of land and population maps and other multi-source data, with the help of exploratory spatial data analysis and other models, this research deals with the land use spatial structure characteristics of Changchun city and its coordination relationship with urban functions. Main conclusions of the study are as follows. The overall density of the land use in the central urban area of Changchun shows patterns of the core being higher than the periphery, the large-scale agglomeration being significant and the small-scale relatively scattered, and the pattern of the mixed land use function index has obvious differentiation characteristics. The study shows that, in the context of the spatial pattern, the overall coupling coordination degree of the land use structure index and the urban function index shows a trend of a gradual decrease, from the core to the periphery. In the context of category differences, the coupling coordination of the land use structure with the population distribution and the Baidu thermal distribution is relatively high, and the coupling coordination with various service facilities is relatively low. Finally, in the context of scale differences, all types of coupling coordination degrees have significant sensitivity to the spatial scales. A large scale significantly reflects the overall decrease in the coupling coordination degrees from the core to the periphery, while a small scale shows the polycentric pattern characteristics of the urban spatial structure.</div

Urban land structure, urban function measurement index selection, and data sources.

Urban land structure, urban function measurement index selection, and data sources.</p

The central city area of Changchun City with the different scales of grid division.

The central city area of Changchun City with the different scales of grid division.</p

500m scale main data of each grid.

The urban spatial structure in this study refers to the combination of different categories of land use, and the purpose of the study is to reveal the intrinsic correlation characteristics between urban land use structural combination forms and urban functions. Through the integration of land and population maps and other multi-source data, with the help of exploratory spatial data analysis and other models, this research deals with the land use spatial structure characteristics of Changchun city and its coordination relationship with urban functions. Main conclusions of the study are as follows. The overall density of the land use in the central urban area of Changchun shows patterns of the core being higher than the periphery, the large-scale agglomeration being significant and the small-scale relatively scattered, and the pattern of the mixed land use function index has obvious differentiation characteristics. The study shows that, in the context of the spatial pattern, the overall coupling coordination degree of the land use structure index and the urban function index shows a trend of a gradual decrease, from the core to the periphery. In the context of category differences, the coupling coordination of the land use structure with the population distribution and the Baidu thermal distribution is relatively high, and the coupling coordination with various service facilities is relatively low. Finally, in the context of scale differences, all types of coupling coordination degrees have significant sensitivity to the spatial scales. A large scale significantly reflects the overall decrease in the coupling coordination degrees from the core to the periphery, while a small scale shows the polycentric pattern characteristics of the urban spatial structure.</div

Fig 6 -

The distribution map of the coupling coordination degree of the land use density and the main urban functional elements in the central urban area of Changchun at different scales: (A) 500 m scale; (B) 1000 m scale; (C) 2000 m scale. Note: N is the land use density, P is the urban population, R is the Baidu thermal, A is a public service facility, B is a business service facility, T is a public transportation station, D is the coupling coordination degree. NPD represents the coupling coordination degree between the land use density and urban population, and so on.</p