ERP results during the response selection stage.

<p>(A) Decision-preceding negativity amplitudes for different response types across groups. (B) Decision-preceding negativity amplitudes for different responses across regions. (C) Topographical maps of the difference between pass and play for the different wave forms in the two groups.</p

Knowledge of the task.

<p>(A) The proportion of participants who achieved conceptual knowledge between groups and across blocks. (B) The average deck rating reported every three blocks by the high group. (C)The average deck ratings reported every three blocks by the low group.</p

Mean net score for the high and low groups across blocks.

<p>Mean net score for the high and low groups across blocks.</p

Summary of cognitive processes involved in the IGT and the corresponding ERP components.

<p>Summary of cognitive processes involved in the IGT and the corresponding ERP components.</p

Participants’ knowledge stage across trials.

<p>Participants’ knowledge stage across trials.</p

ERP results for the choice evaluation stage.

<p>(A) Grand average ERP wave forms after the onset of advantageous and disadvantageous decks for the two groups. (B) The mean amplitude of different regions for advantageous and disadvantageous decks in the two groups. (C) Topographical maps of the difference between disadvantageous and advantageous decks for the different wave forms in the two groups.</p

Correlation analysis of WCST performance and ERP components.

<p>Correlation analysis of WCST performance and ERP components.</p

ERP results during the feedback evaluation stage.

<p>(A) The effects of valence on FRN amplitude across groups. (B) FRN amplitude on three electrodes for different valences and groups. (C) The effects of group and valence on FRN amplitude. (D) Topographical maps of the difference between loss and win (loss subtract win) for the different wave forms in the two groups.</p