Prosedur penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah pada akad mudharabah dalam rangka meminimalisir resiko di BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia Magelang

Permasalah kehidupan perekonomian yang sulit, membuat masyarakat berinisiatif untuk membuka usaha sendiri. Mereka membutuhkan suatu bantuan berupa dana untuk memperlancar usahanya, maka BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia Magelang ikut untuk mengembangkan produknya yaitu pembiayaan mudharabah sesuai perkembangan dunia perbankan dalam target peningkatan keuntungan dan menyejahterakan masyarakat. Dengan diberikanya pembiayaan tersebut, terkadang muncul adanya pembiayaan bermasalah dikarenakan ada beberapa faktor diantaranya ketidakmampuan anggota untuk membayar tepat waktu atau jatuh tempo pembayaran diakibatkan karena usaha anggota yang kurang lancar dan lain sebagaianya. Tugas Akhir ini berjudul “ Prosedur Penyelesaian Pembiayaan Bermasalah pada Akad Mudharabah Dalam Rangka Meminimalisir Risiko” Berdasarkan judul tersebut dapat diambil rumusan masalah yaitu apa penyebab terjadinya pembiayaan bermasalah pada BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia Magelang dan bagaimana prosedur penyelesaian pembiayaaan bermasalah pada akad mudharabah di BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia Magelang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dimana sumber data yang digunakan berasal dari data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh melalui metode wawancara dengan manajer, bagian pembiayaan dan dokumentasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan secara sistematis dan akurat mengenai objek penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyebab terjadinya pembiayaan bermasalah yaitu faktor internal meliputi kurang telitinya petugas BMT dalam menganalisi data calon anggota, kurang disiplinya dalam penagihan dan eksternal meliputi karakter anggota yang kurang baik, usahanya bangkrut dan terjadinya bencana alam yang tidak terduga. Adapun prosesdur yang digunakan BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia dalam menyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah pada akad mudharabah dengan cara kekeluargaan atau musyawarah dengan anggota, penjadwalan kembali (rescheduling), persyaratan kembali (reconditioning), pengambilan jaminan (eksekusi), dan write off final. Di BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia dalam penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah jarang menngunakan jalur hukum, tetapi sering menggunakan cara kekeluargaan yang dianggap lebih efektif dan eksekusi jaminan apabila anggota tersebut sudah mengalami macet atau bermasalah

Phylogenetic trees for PB2, PB1 and PA genes collected from mainland China between 2011 and 2014.

<p>Solid squares indicate representative strains, solid circles indicate the strains isolated in this study (black circles indicate representative isolates which emerge in the phylogenetic trees for all of the genes except for HA, and white circles indicate the remaining 28 isolates in this study which only emerge in the HA phylogenetic tree), and solid triangles indicate G57 representative strains. Unrooted phylogenetic trees were generated by the distance-based neighbor-joining method using the MEGA6.0 software suite (for the following nucleotide positions: a) PB2, 28–2262; b) PB1, 31–2218; c) PA, 25–2129. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test with 1000 replicates is shown next to the branches.</p

Antigenic map of 28 H9N2 AIV field isolates.

<p>Antigenic cartography representations of the HI data generated by using a panel of chicken antisera. In the graph, one grid represents a two-fold change in the HI assay results. Viruses in the same HI group were encircled in an oval.</p

Phylogenetic trees for NP, M and NS genes collected from mainland China between 2011 and 2014.

<p>Solid squares indicate representative strains, solid circles indicate the strains isolated in this study (black circles indicate representative isolates which emerge in the phylogenetic trees for all of the genes except for HA, and white circles indicate the remaining 28 isolates in this study which only emerge in the HA phylogenetic tree), and solid triangles indicate G57 representative strains. Unrooted phylogenetic trees were generated by the distance-based neighbor-joining method using the MEGA6.0 software suite (for the following nucleotide positions: a) NP, 35–1456; b) M, 56–960; c) NS, 75–800). The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test with 1000 replicates is shown next to the branches.</p

Potential glycosylation sites of HA amino acid sequences in H9N2 isolates and vaccine strains.

<p>Potential glycosylation sites of HA amino acid sequences in H9N2 isolates and vaccine strains.</p

Airborne transmission study of 9 representative isolates.

<p>The number of chickens shedding/total number of chickens.</p

Amino acid changes at key sites on the HA protein from H9N2 viruses from 2010 to 2015.

<p>a) The percentage of three potential glycosylation sites, including 145NGTS148, 218NRTF221, and 313NCSK316, was quantified by comparison with approximately 1100 H9N2 HA sequences deposited in GenBank from 2010 to 2015. b) The percentage of mutations at position 198 was quantified by comparison with approximately 1100 H9N2 HA sequences deposited in GenBank from 2010 to 2015. c) The percentage of mutations at positions 234–235 at the right-edge receptor-binding pocket were quantified by comparison with approximately 1100 H9N2 HA sequences deposited in GenBank from 2010 to 2015. d) The percentage of mutations at position 334–335 in the cleavage sites were quantified by comparison with approximately 1100 H9N2 HA sequences deposited in GenBank from 2010 to 2015.</p

The key amino acid residues of HA amino acid sequences in H9N2 isolates and vaccine strains.

<p>The key amino acid residues of HA amino acid sequences in H9N2 isolates and vaccine strains.</p

The tendency of mutations at the antigenic residues from 28 isolates from 2010–2015.

<p>The mutation levels of each of these amino acid positions with high mutation rates, including H66Q, G90E, S127R, S145N/D, D153G, Q164K/R, N167G/S/K, A168D/N, E181G, A198T/V, T200R, N201D, T220V/I, Q235M, R254K and N256D, and S183N, from the 28 isolates were quantified by comparison with approximately 1081 H9N2 HA sequences deposited in GenBank from 2010 to 2015. The three commercial vaccine strains SH/F/98, SD/6/96, and GD/SS/94 were used as controls. Blue indicates the same amino acid in the three commercial vaccine strains; pink indicates the same mutation in the 28 isolates; gray indicates other mutations, and green indicates that the predominant mutation is different in the 28 isolates.</p

Phylogenetic trees for HA and NA genes collected from mainland China between 2011 and 2014.

<p>Solid squares indicate representative strains, solid circles indicate the strains isolated in this study (black circles indicate representative isolates which emerge in the phylogenetic trees for all of the genes except for HA, and white circles indicate the remaining 28 isolates in this study which only emerge in the HA phylogenetic tree), and solid triangles indicate G57 representative strains. Unrooted phylogenetic trees were generated by the distance-based neighbor-joining method using the MEGA6.0 software suite (for the following nucleotide positions: a) HA, 128–1540; b) NA, 87–1263. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test with 1000 replicates is shown next to the branches.</p