Visualization 3.mp4

The experimental evolution of vortex lattices versus off-axis displacement under the pump radius of ωp≈1.5 mm

Visualization 2.mp4

The experimental evolution of vortex lattices versus off-axis displacement under the pump radius of ωp≈1.2 mm

Visualization 1.mp4

The experimental evolution of vortex lattices versus off-axis displacement under the pump radius of ωp≈0.8 mm

Truncated triangular diffraction lattices and orbital-angular-momentum detection of vortex SU(2) geometric modes

We for the first time report the truncated diffraction with a triangular aperture of the SU(2) geometric modes and propose a method to detect the complicated orbital angular momentum (OAM) of an SU(2) wave-packet, to the best of our knowledge. As a special vortex beam, a nonplanar SU(2) mode carrying special intensity and OAM distributions brings exotic patterns in truncated diffraction lattice. A meshy structure is unveiled therein by adjusting the illuminated aperture in vicinity of the partial OAM regions, which can be elaborately used to evaluate the partial topological charge and OAM of an SU(2) wave-packet by counting the dark holes in the mesh. Moreover, through controlling the size and position of the aperture at the center region, the truncated triangular lattice can be close to the classical spot-array lattice for measuring the center OAM. These effects being fully validated by theoretical simulations greatly extend the versatility of topological structures detection of special beams

Visualization 3.mp4

The quadrant-separable singularity manipulation along the radial directio

Additional file 8: of Transcriptional reprogramming caused by the geminivirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in local or systemic infections in Nicotiana benthamiana

Table S3. DEGs in systemic TYLCV infections (XLSX 146 kb

Movie S3 from <i>Ex vivo</i> gut culture for studying differentiation and migration of small intestinal epithelial cells

Representative Lgr5-derived epithelial cells in ex vivo guts at 6d. Lgr5mT/mG ex vivo guts were induced by 250 μm 4-hydroxytamoxifen and the Lgr5-derived epithelial cells of ex vivo guts are shown at 6d by confocal microscope. This movie is related to figure 4c

Visualization 4.mp4

The quadrant-separable singularity manipulation along the angular directio

Dual-wavelength vortex beam with high stability in diode-pumped Yb:CaGdAlO4 Laser

We present a stable dual-wavelength vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) with two spectral peaks separated by a few terahertz in diode-pumped Yb:CaGdAlO4 (CALGO) laser. The dual-wavelength spectrum is controlled by the pump power and off-axis loss in laser resonator, arising from the broad emission bandwidth of Yb:CALGO. The OAM beam is obtained by a pair of cylindrical lens that serves as an {\pi}/2 convertor for the high-order Hermite-Gaussian modes. The stability is verifed that the 1 h OAM beam with two spectral peaks at 1046.1 nm and 1057.2 nm (3.01 THz interval) can steadily operate for more than three hours. It has great potential for scaling the application for OAM beams in Terahertz spectroscopy, high-resolution interferometry, and so on

Scalable photonic diffractive generators through sampling noises from scattering medium

Photonic computing, with potentials of high parallelism, low latency and high energy efficiency, have gained progressive interest at the forefront of neural network (NN) accelerators. However, most existing photonic computing accelerators concentrate on discriminative NNs. Large-scale generative photonic computing machines remain largely unexplored, partly due to poor data accessibility, accuracy and hardware feasibility. Here, we harness random light scattering in disordered media as a native noise source and leverage large-scale diffractive optical computing to generate images from above noise, thereby achieving hardware consistency by solely pursuing the spatial parallelism of light. To realize experimental data accessibility, we design two encoding strategies between images and optical noise latent space that effectively solves the training problem. Furthermore, we utilize advanced photonic NN architectures including cascaded and parallel configurations of diffraction layers to enhance the image generation performance. Our results show that the photonic generator is capable of producing clear and meaningful synthesized images across several standard public datasets. As a photonic generative machine, this work makes an important contribution to photonic computing and paves the way for more sophisticated applications such as real world data augmentation and multi modal generation