Table_1_A comparison of the parental values of children’s extracurricular music learning in Guilin, China and in Tampa, United States.DOCX

Many parents enroll their children in extracurricular music activities. However, cultural differences may contribute to parents’ different values that ultimately influence their behaviors and attitudes. This cross-cultural study aimed to compare the value parents have on their children’s private music education by examining four cases in Guilin, Guangxi (China) and Tampa, Florida (United States). Two main research questions guided this study: (1) How do parents in Guilin and Tampa perceive and value their children’s music learning? (2) Does the value parents hold for their children’s extracurricular music activities differ across different cultural contexts? If so, how do parents’ values and perceptions of their children’s involvement in extracurricular music activities differ between the contexts of Guilin and Tampa? We purposefully selected participants from two regions based on these criteria: (a) the participants included a single-child family and a two-child family in each of the two regions; (b) children’s age ranged from 5 to 12 years and lived with their biological parents (c) children were currently taking music lessons after school. We interviewed both children and parents during the data collection. The key findings reveal that parental values transcend two cultural contexts, specifically in (1) motivations for music learning, (2) expectations of music learning, (3) utilizing personal background, and (4) strategies for success. The findings suggest that several factors, such as children’s autonomy, musical joy, pursuit of musical career, “beauty development” and achievements, may have contributed to parents’ values. The implication for parents, psychologists, and policymakers is to understand the diverse needs and values within different cultural backgrounds, to promote the children’s development, to design curricula, and to use effective teaching methods in music education. In conclusion, both Guilin’s and Tampa’s parents’ values varied due to cultural differences, which further influenced their behaviors, attitudes and perceptions toward their children’s musical experiences.</p

Gold-Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkynylaziridines as an Efficient Approach toward Functionalized <i>N</i>-Phth Pyrroles

An efficient access to N-phth pyrrroles via gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of N-phth alkynylaziridines has been described. Functionalized pyrroles including pyrrole-2-carboxylates or 2-pyrrolyl ketone are easily constructed in generally good yields by this method. The resulting pyrroles can be further converted to N-amino pyrrole or 2-acyl pyrrole, which are important synthetic intermediates for amplification of molecular complexity

Rediocide A, an Insecticide, Induces G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Desensitization via Activation of Conventional Protein Kinase C

In order to identify small-molecule antagonists of Methuselah (Mth), a Drosophila G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) involved in life-span control, a library of natural compounds was screened, and it was found that rediocide A (1), a daphnane ester from the roots of Trigonostemon reidioides and used currently for flea control, potently inhibited calcium mobilization mediated by this receptor. Compound 1 inhibited calcium mobilization in GPCRs other than Mth, indicating that the inhibitory effect was not due to receptor antagonism but rather to a more general mechanism. It was found that 1 can induce GPCR desensitization and internalization, and such effects were mediated by the activation of conventional protein kinase C

Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cascade Hydroarylation/Cycloaromatization to Indolizines via Pyridine Ring Construction

An efficient and atom-economic method for the synthesis of multisubstituted indolizines via gold-catalyzed cascade hydroarylation/​cycloaromatization reaction of α-(N-pyrrolyl)­ketones with alkynes is described. The reaction is realized through the construction of the pyridine ring of indolizines, which allows the regioselective incorporation of a wide range of functionalities on the pyridine unit

Industrial Metabolism Analysis Combined with Value Streams to Identify Potential Economic Risk Nodes

Industrial parks, as focal points of industrial development, benefit from clustering effects such as shared public utilities and centralized waste treatment. Currently, a predominant method to assess these parks involves gauging their material network metabolism, relying solely on this approach without considering the economic aspects; this may distort the overall performance evaluation of the park, failing to address potential economic risks within the industrial network. In this study, the concept of “value stream” is introduced and integrated into the evaluation method of industrial material network metabolism. By monetizing material flows and translating them into value streams, we offer a holistic evaluation of industrial networks. Our findings indicate that from the perspective of a value stream, nodes initially deemed significant might pose considerable economic risks, such as those observed in ethylene-based polyvinyl chloride (PVC), magnesium chloride electrolysis, and acetylene-based PVC. Incorporating a value-stream perspective into the material network metabolism analysis can help in effectively identifying potential economic risks and provide policymakers with evidence-based foresight. This will aid in enhancing the sustainability of industrial parks

Facile Synthesis of Fully Substituted Dihydro-β-carbolines via Brønsted Acid Promoted Cascade Reactions of α‑Indolyl Propargylic Alcohols with Nitrones

A straightforward synthesis of fully substituted β-carbolines via Brønsted acid promoted cyclizations of α-indolyl propargylic alcohols with nitrones is described. The use of nitrones bearing alkenyl or electron-rich aryl groups as the R4 substituent dramatically switches the reaction pathway to afford tetrasubstituted alkenes and amines, which is assumed to proceed through a rearrangement reaction involving N–O bond cleavage and 1,2-migration of the R4 group to an adjacent nitrogen atom

Facile Synthesis of Fully Substituted Dihydro-β-carbolines via Brønsted Acid Promoted Cascade Reactions of α‑Indolyl Propargylic Alcohols with Nitrones

A straightforward synthesis of fully substituted β-carbolines via Brønsted acid promoted cyclizations of α-indolyl propargylic alcohols with nitrones is described. The use of nitrones bearing alkenyl or electron-rich aryl groups as the R⁴ substituent dramatically switches the reaction pathway to afford tetrasubstituted alkenes and amines, which is assumed to proceed through a rearrangement reaction involving N–O bond cleavage and 1,2-migration of the R⁴ group to an adjacent nitrogen atom

Image_2_Analysis of Global Transcriptome Change in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts After dsDNA and dsRNA Viral Mimic Stimulation.TIF

The activation of innate immunity by viral nucleic acids present in the cytoplasm plays an essential role in controlling viral infection in both immune and non-immune cells. The dsDNA and dsRNA viral mimics can stimulate the cytosolic nucleic acids sensors and activate the antiviral innate immunity. In this study, taking advantage of dsDNA and dsRNA viral mimics, we investigated the global transcriptome changes after the antiviral immunity activation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Results from our data identified a positive feedback up-regulation of sensors (e.g., Tlr2, Tlr3, Ddx58, cGAS), transducers (e.g., Traf2, Tbk1) and transcription factors (e.g., Irf7, Jun, Stat1, Stat2) in multiple pathways involved in detecting viral or microbial infections upon viral mimic stimulation. A group of genes involved in DNA damage response and DNA repair such as Parp9, Dtx3l, Rad52 were also up-regulated, implying the involvement of these genes in antiviral immunity. Molecular function analysis further showed that groups of helicase genes (e.g., Dhx58, Helz2), nuclease genes (e.g., Dnase1l3, Rsph10b), methyltransferase genes (e.g., histone methyltransferase Prdm9, Setdb2; RNA methyltransferase Mettl3, Mttl14), and protein ubiquitin-ligase genes (e.g., Trim genes and Rnf genes) were up-regulated upon antiviral immunity activation. In contrast, viral mimic stimulation down-regulated genes involved in a broad range of general biological processes (e.g., cell division, metabolism), cellular components (e.g., mitochondria and ribosome), and molecular functions (e.g., cell-cell adhesion, microtubule binding). In summary, our study provides valuable information about the global transcriptome changes upon antiviral immunity activation. The identification of novel groups of genes up-regulated upon antiviral immunity activation serves as useful resource for mining new antiviral sensors and effectors.</p

Image_6_Analysis of Global Transcriptome Change in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts After dsDNA and dsRNA Viral Mimic Stimulation.TIF

The activation of innate immunity by viral nucleic acids present in the cytoplasm plays an essential role in controlling viral infection in both immune and non-immune cells. The dsDNA and dsRNA viral mimics can stimulate the cytosolic nucleic acids sensors and activate the antiviral innate immunity. In this study, taking advantage of dsDNA and dsRNA viral mimics, we investigated the global transcriptome changes after the antiviral immunity activation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Results from our data identified a positive feedback up-regulation of sensors (e.g., Tlr2, Tlr3, Ddx58, cGAS), transducers (e.g., Traf2, Tbk1) and transcription factors (e.g., Irf7, Jun, Stat1, Stat2) in multiple pathways involved in detecting viral or microbial infections upon viral mimic stimulation. A group of genes involved in DNA damage response and DNA repair such as Parp9, Dtx3l, Rad52 were also up-regulated, implying the involvement of these genes in antiviral immunity. Molecular function analysis further showed that groups of helicase genes (e.g., Dhx58, Helz2), nuclease genes (e.g., Dnase1l3, Rsph10b), methyltransferase genes (e.g., histone methyltransferase Prdm9, Setdb2; RNA methyltransferase Mettl3, Mttl14), and protein ubiquitin-ligase genes (e.g., Trim genes and Rnf genes) were up-regulated upon antiviral immunity activation. In contrast, viral mimic stimulation down-regulated genes involved in a broad range of general biological processes (e.g., cell division, metabolism), cellular components (e.g., mitochondria and ribosome), and molecular functions (e.g., cell-cell adhesion, microtubule binding). In summary, our study provides valuable information about the global transcriptome changes upon antiviral immunity activation. The identification of novel groups of genes up-regulated upon antiviral immunity activation serves as useful resource for mining new antiviral sensors and effectors.</p

Industrial Metabolism Analysis Combined with Value Streams to Identify Potential Economic Risk Nodes

Industrial parks, as focal points of industrial development, benefit from clustering effects such as shared public utilities and centralized waste treatment. Currently, a predominant method to assess these parks involves gauging their material network metabolism, relying solely on this approach without considering the economic aspects; this may distort the overall performance evaluation of the park, failing to address potential economic risks within the industrial network. In this study, the concept of “value stream” is introduced and integrated into the evaluation method of industrial material network metabolism. By monetizing material flows and translating them into value streams, we offer a holistic evaluation of industrial networks. Our findings indicate that from the perspective of a value stream, nodes initially deemed significant might pose considerable economic risks, such as those observed in ethylene-based polyvinyl chloride (PVC), magnesium chloride electrolysis, and acetylene-based PVC. Incorporating a value-stream perspective into the material network metabolism analysis can help in effectively identifying potential economic risks and provide policymakers with evidence-based foresight. This will aid in enhancing the sustainability of industrial parks