Hybrid Carbon Sphere Chain–MnO₂ Nanorods as Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

It is now recognized that the development of self-supported and efficient bifunctional air cathodes via the direct growth of earth-abundant catalysts onto the surface of the conductive collector would be a cutting-edge strategy to reduce interfacial resistance, enhance the mechanical tenure, and reduce the final weight and cost of manufacturing of rechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZABs). This work reports an innovative self-supported precious metal-free electrode, comprising carbon sphere chains (CSCs) directly grown onto a carbon paper (CP) substrate, wherein the CSCs have a functionalized surface bearing carbon nanobud defects, oxygen functional groups, and high-density MnO2 hierarchical nanorods (NRs), uniformly coating the surface of CSCs. Not only is the metal-free functionalized CSC catalyst functional for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) but its combination with MnO2 NRs impressively enhances the ORR/OER activities. A homemade ZAB assembled with functionalized CSC/MnO2 air cathode can successfully power a timer for a period of 17 days with no voltage loss, whereas two series-connected ZABs can light up 39 red light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs. The self-supported and earth-abundant-based CSC/MnO2 materials open up an opportunity for lightweight and cost-effective ZABs and metal–air batteries in general

Synthesis of 2‑Deoxyglycosides Bearing Free Hydroxyl Substituents on the Glycosyl Donor

Recent efforts in the field of carbohydrate chemistry have focused on the site- and stereocontrolled synthesis of O-glycosides derived from acceptors bearing multiple hydroxyl substituents. By comparison, there are few examples of the site-selective synthesis of O-glycosides bearing free hydroxyl substituents on the donor reagent. Here, we report the application of an umpolung glycosylation strategy to the synthesis of O-glycosides derived from donors bearing free hydroxyl substituents. The reaction proceeds via prior deprotonation of one or more free hydroxyl groups on a thiophenylglycoside donor, reductive lithiation to generate an anomeric anion intermediate, and addition of this anion to an alkyl 2-(2-methyltetrahydropyranyl) peroxide. By this approach, α-linked glycosides were obtained in 39–84% yields and with >50:1 α/β selectivities. In many instances, β-linked products could be obtained by thermal equilibration of the anomeric anion intermediate (selectivities = 3.8–8:1 β/α; yields = 33–68%). The strategy is applicable to polyhydroxyl donors bearing up to three free hydroxyl groups, N-acylated carbohydrates, and the single-flask syntheses of oligosaccharides

Table_1_The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on emotional and behavioral problems of children with autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay aged 1–6 years in China.DOCX

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic outbreak have caused increased levels of emotional and behavioral problems, particularly among people with pre-existing mental health conditions. Young individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and developmental delay (DD) are particularly at risk due to their vulnerability. The purpose of this study was to look into the different effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on 1–6-year-old children with ASD and DD.MethodsParents and guardians of children with ASD completed an online survey that included questions about their children’s socio-demographics characteristics, the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on their health, and what they needed in order to deal with the conditions of the pandemic.ResultsThis study compared 4,138 children with ASD to 711 children with DD. Children with ASD had a higher risk of having more emotional and behavioral problems than children with DD (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12–1.70). Compared to parent-oriented rehabilitation at home, discontinuing rehabilitation had a higher likelihood of negative emotional and behavioral change (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.41–1.98). Having teachers’ online support had a higher likelihood of negative emotional and behavioral change for ASD children (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.54).ConclusionsThis article provided evidence that children with developmental disabilities, particularly ASD, were at risk for a variety of challenges to their emotional functioning during the COVID-19 period, and that online support was not an ideal way for children with ASD to receive effective educational intervention in China.</p

Prevalence of partner pregnancy among male youth aged 15–24 years by knowledge of SRH.

Prevalence of partner pregnancy among male youth aged 15–24 years by knowledge of SRH.</p

sj-docx-1-aut-10.1177_13623613231158862 – Supplemental material for Direct and indirect costs for families of children with autism spectrum disorder in China

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-aut-10.1177_13623613231158862 for Direct and indirect costs for families of children with autism spectrum disorder in China by Yanan Zhao, Yanan Luo, Rong Zhang and Xiaoying Zheng in Autism</p

Prevalence of partner pregnancy among male youth aged 15–24 years by attitude of SRH.

Prevalence of partner pregnancy among male youth aged 15–24 years by attitude of SRH.</p

Prevalence of partner pregnancy among male youth aged 15–24 years by Practice of SRH.

Prevalence of partner pregnancy among male youth aged 15–24 years by Practice of SRH.</p

Association between KAP of SRH and partner pregnancy among male youth aged 15–24 years.

Association between KAP of SRH and partner pregnancy among male youth aged 15–24 years.</p

Advanced Zinc–Air Batteries with Free-Standing Hierarchical Nanostructures of the Air Cathode for Portable Applications

It is today advanced that the development of a free-standing (binderless) air cathode via direct growth of nonprecious metal electrocatalysts onto the surface of the conductive collector would be a cutting-edge strategy to reduce the interfacial resistance, improve the mechanical stability, and reduce the final weight and the cost of manufacturing. Here, for Zn–air batteries (ZABs), we propose an innovative binderless noble-metal-free hierarchical nanostructured bifunctional air cathode in which high-density MnOx nanorods (NRs) are directly grown on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) themselves synthesized on a microfibrous carbon paper (CP) substrate. All carbon/MnOx air cathodes achieved specific capacities very close to the theoretical value of 820 mAh gZn–1. A very stable voltage gap between the charge and discharge processes along hundred cycles was obtained, demonstrating the stability and good bifunctional electrocatalytic activities of these cathodes toward the oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen evolution reaction in a real ZAB device. As a proof-of-concept for handheld electronic applications, a ZAB assembled with CP/MnOx NRs as the air electrode and a Zn plate anode operated a timer for 14 days successfully, whereas two ZAB-based CNTs/MnOx cathodes connected in series powered a 2 V light-emitting diode (LED) bulb and a 3 V multimeter. The proposed strategy and results may pave the way for the rational design of hierarchical free-standing bifunctional electrocatalysts for ZABs, other metal–air batteries, and fuel cells

The association between mental disability and motor disability among Chinese elderly.

<p>The association between mental disability and motor disability among Chinese elderly.</p