Texts of Kolima dialect of Yukaghir

<p>Clinical chemistry data of monkeys fed on diets containing GM rice or non-GM rice.</p

Magnetocaloric Effect in AlFe₂B₂: Toward Magnetic Refrigerants from Earth-Abundant Elements

AlFe₂B₂ was prepared by two alternative synthetic routes, arc melting and synthesis from Ga flux. In the layered crystal structure, infinite chains of B atoms are connected by Fe atoms into two-dimensional [Fe₂B₂] slabs that alternate with layers of Al atoms. As expected from the theoretical analysis of electronic band structure, the compound exhibits itinerant ferromagnetism, with the ordering temperature of 307 K. The measurement of magnetocaloric effect (MCE) as a function of applied magnetic field reveals isothermal entropy changes of 4.1 J kg^–1 K^–1 at 2 T and 7.7 J kg^–1 K^–1 at 5 T. These are the largest values observed near room temperature for any metal boride and for any magnetic material of the vast 122 family of layered structures. Importantly, AlFe₂B₂ represents a rare case of a lightweight material prepared from earth-abundant, benign reactants which exhibits a substantial MCE while not containing any rare-earth elements

The detailed information of ELISA on TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β1, VEGF respectively.

The detailed information of ELISA on TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β1, VEGF respectively.</p

Identification test of chemical composition of n-butanol extraction part on <i>Nanocnide lobata</i>.

Identification test of chemical composition of n-butanol extraction part on Nanocnide lobata.</p

Change in percent contracture rate of wound ().

ObjectiveTo identify the most effective fraction of Nanocnide lobata in the treatment of burn and scald injuries and determine its bioactive constituents.MethodsChemical identification methods were used to analyze solutions extracted from Nanocnide lobata using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol using a variety of color reactions. The chemical constituents of the extracts were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)–mass spectrometry (MS). A total of 60 female mice were randomly divided into the following 6 groups: the petroleum ether extract-treated group; the ethyl acetate extract-treated group; the n-butanol extract-treated group; the model group; the control group; and the positive drug group. The burn/scald model was established using Stevenson’s method. At 24 hours after modeling, 0.1 g of the corresponding ointment was evenly applied to the wound in each group. Mice in the model group did not undergo treatment, while those in the control group received 0.1 g of Vaseline. Wound characteristics, including color, secretions, hardness, and swelling, were observed and recorded. Photos were taken and the wound area calculated on the 1st, 5th, 8th, 12th, 15th, 18th and 21st days. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was utilized to observe the wound tissue of mice on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to measure the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1.ResultsThe chemical constituents of Nanocnide lobata mainly include volatile oils, coumarins, and lactones. UPLC–MS analysis revealed 39 main compounds in the Nanocnide lobata extract. Among them, ferulic acid, kaempferitrin, caffeic acid, and salicylic acid have been confirmed to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity related to the treatment of burns and scalds. HE staining revealed a gradual decrease in the number of inflammatory cells and healing of the wounds with increasing time after Nanocnide lobata extract administration. Compared with the model group, the petroleum ether extract-treated group showed significant differences in the levels of TNF-α (161.67±4.93, 106.33±3.21, 77.67±4.04 pg/mL) and IL-10 (291.77±4.93, 185.09±9.54, 141.33±1.53 pg/mL) on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days; a significant difference in the content of TGF-β1 (75.68±3.06 pg/mL) on the 21st day; and a significant difference in the level of VEGF (266.67±4.73, 311.33±10.50 pg/mL) on the 7th and 14th days respectively.ConclusionPetroleum ether Nanocnide lobata extract and the volatile oil compounds of Nanocnide lobata might be effective drugs in the treatment of burn and scald injuries, as they exhibited a protective effect on burns and scalds by reducing the expression of TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β1 and increasing the expression of VEGF. In addition, these compounds may also exert pharmacological effects that promote wound tissue repair, accelerate wound healing, and reduce scar tissue proliferation, inflammation and pain.</div

The detailed information of components identified in <i>Nanocnide lobata</i> based on UPLC-MS.

The detailed information of components identified in Nanocnide lobata based on UPLC-MS.</p

Identification test of chemical composition of petroleum ether extraction part on <i>Nanocnide lobata</i>.

Identification test of chemical composition of petroleum ether extraction part on Nanocnide lobata.</p

The typical total ion chromatogram of <i>Nanocnide lobata</i> sample in positive ion mode and negative ion mode respectively.

The typical total ion chromatogram of Nanocnide lobata sample in positive ion mode and negative ion mode respectively.</p

Changes in the concentration of IL-10 in each group at different time points after injury ().

Changes in the concentration of IL-10 in each group at different time points after injury ().</p

Identification test of chemical composition of water extraction part on <i>Nanocnide lobata</i>.

Identification test of chemical composition of water extraction part on Nanocnide lobata.</p