The prevalence of virulence-associated genes among 74 uropathogenic <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> isolates from cats.

<p>The 29 virulence-associated genes analysed were: <i>afa/draBC</i>, Dr-binding adhesins; <i>fimH</i>, mannose-specific adhesin of type 1 fimbriae; <i>papA</i>, P fimbriae structural subunit; <i>papE</i>, fimbriae tip pilins; <i>papC</i>, p fimbriae assembly; <i>papG</i>, p fimbriae adhesin (and alleles I, II, and III); <i>sfa/focDE</i>, S and F1C fimbriae; <i>sfaS</i>, S fimbriae; <i>focG</i>, <i>focA</i>, F1C fimbriae; <i>bmaE</i>, blood group M fimbriae; <i>hlyD</i>, <i>hlyA</i>, α-haemolysin; <i>cnf1</i>, cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1; <i>kpsM</i> II, group 2 capsule in addition to specifically targeting K1 and K5 genes; <i>rfc</i>, O antigen polymerase; <i>fyuA</i>, ferric yersiniabactin receptor; <i>iutA</i>, aerobactin receptor; <i>iroN</i>, almochelin receptor; <i>ireA</i>, iron-responsive element gene; <i>ibeA</i>, invasion of brain endothelium; <i>traT</i>, serum-resistance associated; PAI, pathogenicity island; <i>cvaC</i>, Colicin-V.</p><p>The prevalence of virulence-associated genes among 74 uropathogenic <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> isolates from cats.</p

The Oligonucleotide primers of virulence-associated genes used in this study.

<p>The Oligonucleotide primers of virulence-associated genes used in this study.</p

Maximum likelihood tree constructed using MEGA 6.0 based on the nucleotide sequences of seven housekeeping genes: <i>adk</i>, <i>gyrB</i>, <i>fumC</i>, <i>icd</i>, <i>mdh</i>, <i>purA</i> and <i>recA</i>, and depicting infrerred phylogency of 74 uropathogenic <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> (UPCE) from cats.

<p>Resistant phenotype (RP), phylogenetic group (PG), sequence type (ST), ST clonal complex (STcc; “N” indicates No STcc), virulence-associated genes and the prevalence of ESBL were displayed the right of the dendrogram. Virulence-associated genes were arranged in descending order according their corresponding prevalence. Gray square indicates the presence of the virulence-associated genes and ESBL. The sequence types highlighted in red were also found to be associated with both humans and other animals, and sequence types highlighted in blue were identified in humans or animals, or in water.</p

Splits tree decomposition network was obtained using distance matrix obtained from allelic profiles using a web version of Splits-Tree (http://pubmlst.org/analysis/).

<p>Most groups A and B1 isolates had shorter branches, suggesting that they were closely related as the group A and B1 isolates were considered as sister groups.</p

DataSheet_1_Mendelian randomization reveals the impact of diet on infertility in men and women.docx

BackgroundAlthough studies on the effects of diet on fertility has progressed, some cumulative evidence has piled against popular hypotheses. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of 31 diets including 23 individual dietary intakes and 8 dietary habits on infertility in men and women.MethodsThe datas of diets and infertility were collected from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Mendelian randomization (MR) methods were used to analyze causal relationships. Multivariate MR (MVMR) adjusted for the effects of other exposures on causality. And MR-Egger, Cochran’s Q, radial MR, and MR-PRESSO tests were employed to assess heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.ResultsOur study found that coffee intake (OR, 3.6967; 95% CI, 1.0348 – 13.2065; P = 0.0442) and cooked vegetable intakes (OR, 54.7865; 95% CI, 2.9011 – 1030.5500; P = 0.0076) increased the risk of male infertility. For women, beer was a risk factor for infertility (OR, 4.0932; 95% CI, 1.8728 – 8.9461; P = 0.0004); but processed meat was negatively associated with infertility (OR, 0.5148; 95% CI, 0.2730 – 0.9705; P = 0.0401). MVMR demonstrated selenium as a protective factor against female infertility (OR, 7.4474e-12; 95% CI, 5.4780e-22 – 1.0125e-01; P = 0.0314).ConclusionWe found the causal relationships between four diets and infertility. We look forward to more high-quality epidemiologic studies to prove our conclusions.</p

DataSheet_1_A bidirectional causal relationship study between mental disorders and male and female infertility.docx

BackgroundThe relation between mental disorders (MDs) and infertility can be reciprocal. But exactly which MD affects infertility remains controversial. Our aim was to use Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore bidirectional causality between 15 MDs and male infertility and female infertility.MethodsThe data of MDs, male infertility, and female infertility were derived from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The inverse variance weighted method was considered to be the main analytical approach. Sensitivity analysis was performed using MR-Egger, Cochran’s Q, radial MR, and MR-PRESSO tests.ResultsOur results found that mood disorders (OR, 1.4497; 95% CI, 1.0093 – 2.0823; P = 0.0444) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR, 1.3921; 95% CI, 1.0943 – 1.7709; P = 0.0071) were positively correlated with male infertility, but obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR, 0.8208; 95% CI, 0.7146 – 0.9429; P = 0.0052) was negatively associated with male infertility. For females, anorexia nervosa (OR, 1.0898; 95% CI, 1.0070 – 1.1794; P = 0.0329), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR, 1.1013; 95% CI, 1.0041 – 1.2079; P = 0.0406), and major depressive disorder (OR, 1.1423; 95% CI, 1.0213 – 1.2778; P = 0.0199) increased risk of infertility. In reverse relationship, female infertility increased the incidence of bipolar disorder (OR, 1.0009; 95% CI, 1.0001 – 1.0017; P = 0.0281).ConclusionWe demonstrated the association between five MDs and male or female infertility. Female infertility was also found to be associated with an increased risk of one MD. We look forward to better designed epidemiological studies to support our results.</p

Gold Nanoparticles Deposited Polyaniline–TiO₂ Nanotube for Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Biosensing

A novel ternary composite composed of TiO₂ nanotubes (TiONTs), polyaniline (PANI), and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was prepared for photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing. PANI was initially coated on TiONTs with an oxidative polymerization method, and 12-phosphotungstic acid was then used as a highly localized photoactive reducing agent to deposit GNPs on TiONT-PANI. The morphology and composition of the composite were characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic methods. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was also conducted to demonstrate the excellent electrical conductivity of the composite. A PEC biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing a mixture of lactate dehydrogenase and the composite onto ITO electrodes, which regenerated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) to complete the enzymatic cycle and led to an improved method for PEC detection of lactate. Because of the surface plasmon resonance enhanced effect of GNPs, the electrochromic performance of PANI, and excellent conductivity and biocompatibility of the composite, this method showed a dynamic range of 0.5–210 μM, sensitivity of 0.0401 μA μM^–1, and a detection limit of 0.15 μM

Funnel plot.

<p>Funnel plot.</p

PRISMA flow diagram.

<p>PRISMA flow diagram.</p

Risk of bias.

<p>Green indicates low risk; yellow indicates unclear risk; red indicates high risk.</p