Effects of PMA/ionomycin and rIL-12 on T cell transcription factor expression following ethanol and burn injury.

<p>Splenic T cells (5×10⁵ cells/well) were cultured with plate-bound αCD3 (2 µg/ml) in the presence or absence of PMA (10 ng/ml) plus ionomycin (50 ng/ml), or rIL-12 (10 ng/ml) for 48 h. T cells were collected to determine NFAT (A), Tbx21 (B), Jun (C) and Fos (D) by RT-PCR. 18 s was used as the endogenous control. Values are means ± SEM from six animals/per group. *p<0.001 compared to other groups, #p<0.01 compared to respective αCD3, @p<0.05 compared to respective sham vehicle, &p<0.05 compared to respective sham vehicle.</p

Ethanol intoxication combined with burn injury decreases miRNA155 expression in T cells.

<p>Splenic T cells (5×10⁵ cells/well) were cultured with plate-bound αCD3 (2 µg/ml) for 48 h and T cells were collected to determine miRNA155 expression by RT-PCR. U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA) was used as the endogenous control. Values are means ± SEM from four to twelve animals/per group. *p<0.01 compared to shams.</p

Effects of PMA/ionomycin and rIL-12 on miRNA155^-/- T cells IFN-γ production.

<p>Splenic T cells (5×10⁵ cells/well) collected from wild-type or miRNA155-/- mice were cultured with plate-bound αCD3 (2 µg/ml) in presence or absence of PMA (10 ng/ml) plus ionomycin (50 ng/ml) or rIL-12 (10 ng/ml) for 48 h and supernatants were collected to measure IFN-γ production. Values are means ± SEM from eight animals/per group. *p<0.05 compared to respective αCD3 groups.</p

Effects of PMA/ionomycin and rIL-12 on T cell IFN-γ production following ethanol and burn injury.

<p>Splenic T cells (5×10⁵ cells/well) were cultured with plate-bound αCD3 (2 µg/ml) in the presence or the absence of PMA (10 ng/ml) plus ionomycin (50 ng/ml)(A) or rIL-12 (10 ng/ml) (B) for 48 h and supernatants were collected to determine IFN-γ production. Values are means ± SEM from six (A) to seven (B) animals/per group. *p<0.001 compared to other groups; #p<0.01 compared to respective sham vehicle.</p

Effects of PMA/ionomycin and rIL-12 on T cell miRNA155 expression following ethanol and burn injury.

<p>Splenic T cells (5×10⁵ cells/well) were cultured with plate-bound αCD3 (2 µg/ml) in the presence or absence of PMA (10 ng/ml) plus ionomycin (50 ng/ml), or rIL-12 (10 ng/ml) for 48 h. T cells were collected to determine miRNA155 expression by RT-PCR. U6 snRNA was used as the endogenous control. Values are means ± SEM from six animals/per group. *p<0.001 compared to respective sham vehicle. #p<0.005 compared to respective sham vehicle. @p<0.05 compared to respective sham αCD3.</p

miRNA155 expression in T cells from wild-type mice and miRNA155^-/- mice.

<p>Splenic T cells (5×10⁵ cells/well) collected from wild-type or miRNA155^-/- mice were cultured with plate-bound αCD3 (2 µg/ml) for 48 h. T cells were collected to determine expression of miRNA155 by RT-PCR. U6 snRNA was used as the endogenous control. Values are means ± SEM from eight animals/per group. No expression of miRNA155 was observed in T cells from miRNA155-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. *p<0.001 compared to wildtype.</p

Effects of PMA/ionomycin and rIL-12 on miRNA155^-/- mice T cell transcription factor expression.

<p>Splenic T cells (5×10⁵ cells/well) collected from wild-type or miRNA155^-/- mice were cultured with plate-bound αCD3 (2 µg/ml) in the presence or the absence of PMA (10 ng/ml) plus ionomycin (50 ng/ml), or rIL-12 (10 ng/ml) for 48 h. T cells were collected to determine NFAT, Tbx21, Jun and Fos expression by RT-PCR. GAPDH was used as the endogenous control. Values are means ± SEM from eight animals/per group. *p<0.05 compared to other respective groups.</p

Ethanol intoxication combined with burn injury decreases NFAT, Tbx21, Jun and Fos expressions in T cells.

<p>Splenic T cells (5×10⁵ cells/well) were cultured with plate-bound αCD3 (2 µg/ml) for 48 h. T cells were collected to determine expression of NFAT (A), Tbx21 (B), Jun (C) and Fos (D) by RT-PCR. 18 s was used as the endogenous control. Values are means ± SEM from four animals/per group. *p<0.001 and @p<0.005 compared to sham vehicle.</p

Effect of pressure on methane hydrate formation in graphite nanofluids in non-stirred system

Given the increasing demand for clean natural gas energy, solidified natural gas (SNG) is regarded as a potential natural gas storage technology owing to its numerous advantages. In this work, the effects of the concentration of graphite nanoparticles (GNs) on the rate of hydrate formation, gas consumption, induction time, and morphology of methane hydrates under different pressures were studied. The results showed that under lower pressure, the low concentration of GNs increased the gas consumption of hydrates, but the hydrate formation rate decreased by 50% and the induction time increased. The addition of high concentration GNs decreased the hydrate formation rate significantly, there was no obvious induction period, and the final gas consumption changed little. At the same time, only a small amount of hydrate was formed, accompanied by a considerable volume of foam. Under higher pressure, the addition of GNs promoted the formation of hydrates, increased the rate of hydrate formation. Among them, the 0.3 wt% concentration of GNs showed the best promotion effect, and the final gas consumption was higher than that of other metal and oxide nanofluids. Therefore, under the proper pressure, using cheap GNs as promoters can not only effectively promote hydrate formation, but also save costs.</p

Geographical location, HIV prevalence and 12-month retention rates of study participants in 14 MMT clinics in Guangdong province in 2013.

<p>Geographical location, HIV prevalence and 12-month retention rates of study participants in 14 MMT clinics in Guangdong province in 2013.</p