Additional file 1 of Curcumin- and resveratrol-co-loaded nanoparticles in synergistic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The mass spectrum (MS) of SP94 peptide. Figure S2. The purity analysis by HPLC for SP94 peptide. Figure S3. HPLC report of (a) SP94 (0.4 mg/mL) and (b) SP94-DSPE-PEG(2000) (0.4 mg/mL). Figure S4. 1H NMR characterization of the SP94-DSPE-PEG(2000). The 1H NMR spectrum was measured in deuterated DMSO

Three-Photon AIE Pt(II) Complexes as Cysteine-Targeting Theranostic Agents for Tumor Imaging and Chemotherapy

Herein, we have synthesized a series of three-photon fluorescent Pt­(II) complexes targeting a tumor-associated biothiol, cysteine (Cys), which allows it to be detected without any interference from other intracellular proteins. We focused on how to significantly improve the fluorescence response of Cys via regulating the recognition units in probes. The reaction of K2PtCl4 with L-CH3 or L-COOEt in DMSO solution gave Lyso-Pt-CH3 and Lyso-Pt-COOEt, respectively, which present four-coordinated square-planar geometries in mononuclear structures. Lyso-Pt-CH3 consists of a Cys aptamer labeled with typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics, which shows strong three-photon absorption cross section (3PA) only in the presence of Cys. It was found that Lyso-Pt-CH3 displayed a perfect signal-to-noise ratio for imaging lysosomes and for rapid detection of Cys. Using Lyso-Pt-CH3, Cys-related cellular mechanisms were proposed. We confirm that cystine (Cyss) could be absorbed in cells through cystine/glutamate antiporters (system xc–) and is then converted to Cys under the effect of enzymes. All of these suggest that Lyso-Pt-CH3 might be a potential candidate as a simple and straightforward biomarker of lysosome-related Cys in vitro. Lyso-Pt-CH3 can effectively identify tumor tissues with excessive levels of Cys. Lyso-Pt-CH3 also showed excellent antitumor activity than cisplatin. This work provides a novel strategy for the rational design of controllably activated and Cys-targeted Pt­(II) anticancer prodrugs for clinical diagnosis and treatment

Coordination-Regulated Terpyridine–Mn(II) Complexes for Photodynamic Therapy Guided by Multiphoton Fluorescence/Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The synergy of multiphoton fluorescence imaging (MP-FI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides an imaging platform with high resolution and unlimited penetration depth for early disease detection. Herein, two kinds of terpyridine–Mn­(II) complexes (FD–Mn–O2NO and FD–Mn–FD) possessing seven and six coordination modes, respectively, were designed rationally for photodynamic therapy (PDT) guided by MP-FI/MRI. The complexes obtain different multiphoton fluorescence/magnetic resonance properties by adjusting the number of terpyridine ligands. Among them, FD–Mn–FD exhibits the following superiorities: (1) The optimal three-photon excitation wavelength of FD–Mn–FD falls at 1450 nm (NIR-II), which brings high sensitivity and deep tissue penetration in MP-FI. (2) FD–Mn–FD has effective longitudinal relaxation efficiency (r1 = 2.6 m M–1 s–1), which can be used for T1-weighted MRI, overcoming the problems of limited tissue penetration depth and low spatial resolution. (3) FD–Mn–FD generates endogenous 1O2 under irradiation by 808 nm light, thereby enhancing the PDT effect in vitro and in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, the complex FD–Mn–FD is the first complex to guide PDT through MP-FI/MRI, providing a blueprint for accurate and effective early detection and timely treatment of the complex in the early stages of cancer

Additional file 1 of Nanoscale myelinogenesis image in developing brain via super-resolution nanoscopy by near-infrared emissive curcumin-BODIPY derivatives

Additional file 1. Additional synthesis and characterization of MyL-1, MyL-2, and MyL-3 (Fig. S1-Fig. S6). Molecular orbital energy of MyL (Fig. S7). Sphingomyelins bilayer interaction with MyL (Fig. S8). Cytotoxicity data results of MyL-1, MyL-2 and MyL-3 (Fig. S9). Photostability evaluation of MyL-1 (Fig. S10). Confocal, and its magnified 3D-STED images of tissue sections treated with MyL-1 (Fig. S11-Fig. S14) and Corresponding photophysical data (Table S1)

Two-Photon-Active Organotin(IV) Complexes for Antibacterial Function and Superresolution Bacteria Imaging

Antibacterial agents with two-photon absorption are expected to play a significant role in biomedical science. Herein, two novel organotin complexes, <b>HLSn1</b> and <b>HLSn2</b>, based on coumarin were designed, synthesized, and systematically investigated. It was found that these complexes possessed suitable two-photon-active cross sections in the near-infrared region. Moreover, complex <b>HLSn1</b> could efficiently inhibit the growth of Gram-negative <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Gram-positive <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, especially the latter with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; 90%) of 2 ± 0.14 μg mL^–1, which is lower than that of Kanamycin (<b>Kana</b>, 8 ± 0.42 μg mL^–1). Importantly, two-photon imaging and superresolution development of bacterial stain revealed that complex <b>HLSn1</b> can react with bacterial membranes, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leading to cell death. These outcomes provide promising applications in the superresolution bacteria imaging, diagnostics, and treatment of bacterial infectious

Revealing Sulfur Dioxide Regulation to Nucleophagy in Embryo Development by an Adaptive Coloration Probe

Understanding signaling molecules in regulating organelles dynamics and programmed cell death is critical for embryo development but is also challenging because current imaging probes are incapable of simultaneously imaging the signaling molecules and the intracellular organelles they interact with. Here, we report a chemically and environmentally dual-responsive imaging probe that can react with gasotransmitters and label cell nuclei in distinctive fluorescent colors, similar to the adaptive coloration of chameleons. Using this intracellular chameleon-like probe in three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution dynamic imaging of live cells, we discovered SO2 as a critical upstream signaling molecule that activates nucleophagy in programmed cell death. An elevated level of SO2 prompts kiss fusion between the lysosomal and nuclear membranes and nucleus shrinkage and rupture. Significantly, we revealed that the gasotransmitter SO2 is majorly generated in the yolk, induces autophagy there at the initial stage of embryo development, and is highly related to the development of the auditory nervous system

Fine Tuning of Multiphoton AIE Emission Behavior, Organelle Targeting, and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Terpyridine Derivatives by Alkyl Chain Engineering

In this work, a series of multiphoton terpyridine agents (ZA, ZA-Mex, and ZA-Hex) for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) are designed and synthesized. The results from photophysical property research reveal that ZA-Hex, as an N-hexylated terpyridine salt, has stronger three-photon aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties compared to ZA-Mex due to enhanced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) performance. All three terpyridine derivatives possess suitable fluorescence intensities and stable fluorescence lifetimes under different pH conditions (pH = 4.0–8.0), thereby performing multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging. For biological imaging applications, it is found that ZA shows good lipid droplet (LD) turn-on fluorescence performance, and ZA-Hex could easily accumulate in mitochondria with high specificity. This is the first report of terpyridine salts as three-photon AIE probes used for multiphoton FLIM imaging

KO^<i>t</i>Bu-Mediated, Three-Component Coupling Reaction of Indoles, [60]Fullerene, and Haloalkanes: One-Pot, Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of Various 1,4-(3-Indole)(organo)[60]fullerenes

The KO^<i>t</i>Bu-mediated three-component coupling reaction of indoles, [60]­fullerene, and haloalkane has been developed as a practical and efficient protocol for the one-pot synthesis of various 1,4-(3-indole)­(organo)[60]­fullerenes. The reaction exhibits high regioselectivity at the 3-position of indoles and the 1,4-position on the [60]­fullerene core. Furthermore, this methodology features excellent functional group tolerance, such as chloro, ester, cyano, and nitro on indole

Series of C^N^C Cyclometalated Pt(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Nonlinear Optical Properties in the Near-Infrared Region

It is currently challenged that nonlinear optical (NLO) properties in the near-infrared region (NIR) of metal complexes can be tunable with an assistant ligand. Herein, the linear and nonlinear photophysical properties of the novel C^N^C cyclometalated Pt­(II) complexes with different substituents as auxiliary ligands are presented. The complexes displayed intense triplet metal/ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT/3LLCT) and intraligand 3π, π* emission at low-temperature. The excited-state characteristics are further confirmed over the TD-DFT calculations, transient absorption, and emission lifetimes. The Pt-3 possesses a relatively high quantum yield (9.1%), a moderate triplet excited-state lifetime (5.32 μs), and a broad excited-state absorption from the visible to the near-IR region. Interestingly, it was found that Pt-3 exhibited high 2PA cross section values (σ2 up to 367 GM at 820 nm), as well as good optical limiting properties over a tunable femtosecond laser. The relationships between the structures and properties were systematically investigated on the basis of crystal structural information. Hence, cyclometalated Pt­(II) complexes would become candidates for the application of the NIR NLO materials