Table_1_Application of empathy theory in the study of the effectiveness and timeliness of information dissemination in regional public health events.docx

IntroductionThis study examines the role of empathy theory in enhancing the effectiveness and timeliness of information dissemination during regional public health events, with a focus on the SARS and COVID-19 pandemics as case studies. Utilizing an anthropological interview method, the research delves into the public's transformation from passive recipients to active participants in information dissemination, emphasizing the impact of empathy.ObjectiveThe study aims to evaluate the application of empathy theory in the context of public health emergencies and to determine its influence on the quality of information dissemination and public engagement.MethodsThe research involved two distinct surveys, each collecting 50 questionnaires from participants in different regions, to capture a diverse range of perspectives. The surveys assessed participants' views on information dissemination, their levels of empathy, and their behaviors in receiving and sharing health-related information.ResultsThe findings indicate that empathy plays a crucial role in facilitating the active involvement of the public in information dissemination. There is a notable difference in the public's emotional response and information sharing behaviors between regions with direct experience of the health events and those less affected.ConclusionThe study concludes that empathy theory, when applied to information dissemination during public health emergencies, can significantly improve the public's engagement and the overall effectiveness of communication strategies. The results underscore the need for empathetic communication to foster a sense of solidarity and collective action in response to public health crises.</p

DFT Studies on the Silver-Catalyzed Carboxylation of Terminal Alkynes with CO₂: An Insight into the Catalytically Active Species

DFT calculations on the Ag-catalyzed carboxylation of phenyl acetylene with CO₂ indicate that the true catalytically active species is a CsCO₃^–-coordinated Ag complex rather than neutral PhCCAg conventionally considered for such a process. The energy barrier for the insertion of CO₂ into the C–Ag bond of PhCCAg (28.8 kcal/mol) is higher than that of PhCCAgI^– and PhCCAg­CsCO₃^– anions (19.0 and 23.6 kcal/mol, respectively). Such an anion as a key intermediate is the predominant feature of the carboxylation process. The electronic effect plays a crucial role in stabilizing such transition states. In addition, the presence of an organic ligand slightly hampers generation of the active species and, therefore, reduced the yield of the final carboxylation product, which was observed experimentally

Experimental study on the self-suspending proppant-laden flow in a single fracture

<div><p>Abstract The flow of proppant-laden fluid (PLF) in the fracture is a typical problem of solid-liquid two phase flow, and the transportation and deposition of proppants are essential to determine the flow conductivity of hydraulic fracturing. The self-suspending proppant with a water soluble surface coating is a newly presented supporting material and has great potential for hydraulic fracturing. The purpose of this paper is to understand the physical process, and investigate the effect of the self-suspending proppant on particle placement and transportation in the fracture. Two experiments of the PLF flow were conducted in a fracture, using the common ceramic proppant and self-suspending proppant, respectively. The fracture was formed by two parallel plexiglass planes, and was 4000 mm in length, 10 mm in width and 600 mm in height. It was found that four different zones developed when proppants were injected into the fracture continuously, which were the proppant bank zone, tumbling zone, suspending zone, and free zone. Compared with the common proppant, the self-suspending proppant changes the particle distribution in the fracture, and increases the thickness of proppant suspending and bank zone. The motion behavior of self-suspending proppants in the fracture is described. The conclusion is that appropriate reduction in the proppant concentration and density is beneficial to the good distribution and transportation of proppants in the fracture, and the self-suspending proppant favors the effective supporting of fracture.</p></div

The relative expression ratio of 6 representative <i>BNAC</i> genes in response to different abiotic conditions.

<p>The name of each gene is provided at the top of each bar diagram (error bars indicate standard deviations). D12, D24, D48 and R48: drought treatments for 12, 24, 48 h and recover 48 h, respectively; S12, S24 and S48: salt treatment for 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively; C12, C24 and C48: cold treatment for 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively; G6, G12 and G24: gibberellin treatment for 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively; H2, H4 and H6: H₂O₂ treatment for 2, 4 and 6 h, respectively.</p

Phylogenetic relationships of BNAC proteins.

<p>The amino acid sequences were aligned using MUSCLE program and the Bayesian tree was generated by MrBayes v 3.2, using MCMC algorithms and GTR model with gamma distributed rates. Each subfamily is highlighted in a different color.</p

Molecular Characterization and Expression Profiling of NAC Transcription Factors in <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> L

<div><p>NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) transcription factors are involved in regulating plant developmental processes and response to environmental stresses. <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> is an emerging model system for cereals, temperate grasses and biofuel crops. In this study, a comprehensive investigation of the molecular characterizations, phylogenetics and expression profiles under various abiotic stresses of the NAC gene family in <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> was performed. In total, 118 <i>BNAC</i> genes in <i>B</i>. <i>distachyon</i> were identified, of which 22 (18.64%) were tandemly duplicated and segmentally duplicated, respectively. The Bayesian phylogenetic inference using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms showed that they were divided into two clades and fourteen subfamilies, supported by similar motif compositions within one subfamily. Some critical amino acids detected using DIVERGE v3.0 might contribute to functional divergence among subfamilies. The different exon-intron organizations among subfamilies revealed structural differentiation. Promoter sequence predictions showed that the <i>BNAC</i> genes were involved in various developmental processes and diverse stress responses. Three NAC domain-encoding genes (<i>BNAC012</i>, <i>BNAC078 and BNAC108</i>), orthologous of <i>NAC1</i>, were targeted by five miRNA164 (Bdi-miR164a-c, e, f), suggesting that they might function in lateral organ enlargement, floral development and the responses to abiotic stress. Eleven (~9.32%) BNAC proteins containing α-helical transmembrane motifs were identified. 23 representative <i>BNAC</i> genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, showing different expression patterns under various abiotic stresses, of which 18, 17 and 11 genes were up-regulated significantly under drought, H₂O₂ and salt stresses, respectively. Only four and two genes were up-regulated under cold and cadmium stresses, respectively. Dynamic transcriptional expression analysis revealed that six genes showed constitutive expression and period-specific expression. The current results provide novel insights into the structure and function of the plant NAC gene family.</p></div

A putative pathway of membrane-bound NAC TFs in response to various abiotic stresses.

<p>Transcription factors such as DREBs or AREBs might regulate the transcription of <i>NAC</i> genes by binding to stress-related <i>cis</i>-acting elements in the upstream promoter. The NTLs are released from RIP and RUP in response to ER stress. During RIP, activated NTLs are released from membrane by specific membrane-integrated proteases, such as calpain. During RUP, the NTLs are ubiquitinated and degraded by the 26S proteasome to maintain the protein stability. DREB, dehydration responsive element binding protein; AREB, ABA-responsive element binding protein; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; RIP, regulated intramembrane proteolysis; RUP, regulated ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent processing; NTL, NAC membrane-bound TF; KRP, KIP-related protein; H4: histone H4; FT, FLOWERING LOCUS T; ROS, reactive oxygen species.</p

The relative expression ratio of 9 representative <i>BNAC</i> genes in different abiotic stresses.

<p>The single and double asterisks indicate genes whose expression was up- or down-regulated by more than three- and tenfold, respectively. The y-axis represents the relative expression level of the stresses-treated seedling compared with that of control seedling. CK, before treatment; Cd, cadmium stress. Error bars represent the standard errors.</p

Schematic diagram of exon distribution of <i>Brachypodium</i> NAC genes.

<p>(A) Proportions of exon numbers within each subfamily. (B) The relationship of the substructures of BNAC proteins and the corresponding to exons.</p

Estimates of the dates for the segmental events between the duplicated <i>BNAC</i> genes.

<p>MYA: million years ago</p><p>λ = 6.5×10⁻⁹</p><p>Estimates of the dates for the segmental events between the duplicated <i>BNAC</i> genes.</p