Additional file 2: of Prediction of the development of metabolic syndrome by the Markov model based on a longitudinal study in Dalian City

Figure S2. The predicted development of MetS starting with different components in 20– to 40-year-old women. (TIF 543 kb

Additional file 1: of Prediction of the development of metabolic syndrome by the Markov model based on a longitudinal study in Dalian City

Figure S1. The predicted development of MetS starting with different components in 20– to 40-year-old men. (TIF 543 kb

A Survey of the Knowledge of Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis among the Medical Staff of Intensive Care Units in North China

<div><p>Background</p><p>Guideline concordance for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs) varies across different countries.</p><p>Objective</p><p>To explore how the medical staff of ICUs in China comprehend and practice VTE prophylaxis.</p><p>Method</p><p>Questionnaires comprising 39 questions and including 4 dimensions of thromboprophylaxis were administered in ICUs in North China.</p><p>Results</p><p>In all, 52 ICUs at 23 tertiary hospitals in 7 Chinese provinces and municipalities were surveyed. A total of 2500 questionnaires were sent, and 1861 were returned, corresponding to a response rate of approximately 74.4%. Of all surveyed medical staff, 36.5% of physicians and 22.2% of nurses were aware of the guidelines in China, and 19.0% of physicians and 9.5% of nurses comprehended the 9^th edition of the guidelines of the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP). Additionally, 37.6% of the medical staff chose a prophylaxis method based on the related guidelines, and 10.3% could demonstrate the exact indication for mechanical pattern application. Worries about skin injury, difficulty with removal and discomfort during mechanical thromboprophylaxis were cited by more than 30% of nurses, which was significantly more frequent than for physicians (graduated compression stockings: 54.3% VS 34.1%, 60.7% VS 49%, and 59.4% VS 54%, <i>p</i> = 0.000; intermittent pneumatic compression: 31% VS 22.2%, 19.2% VS 13.9%, and 37.8% VS 27.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.000).</p><p>Conclusions and Relevance</p><p>The knowledge of VTE prophylaxis among the medical staff of ICUs in North China remains limited, which may lead to a lack of standardization of VTE prophylaxis. Strengthened, standardized training may help medical staff to improve their comprehension of the relevant guidelines and may finally reduce the occurrence of VTE in ICUs and improve the prognosis of critically ill patients with VTE.</p></div

Self-evaluation of comprehension of VTE prophylaxis.

<p>Self-evaluation of comprehension of VTE prophylaxis.</p

Tendencies in VTE prophylaxis pattern choices in various ICUs.

<p>Tendencies in VTE prophylaxis pattern choices in various ICUs.</p

How to perform VTE prophylaxis.

<p>How to perform VTE prophylaxis.</p

General information about the medical staff involved in the survey.

<p>General information about the medical staff involved in the survey.</p

Concerns about mechanical prophylaxis among the medical staff.

<p>Concerns about mechanical prophylaxis among the medical staff.</p

Table_1_Transition patterns of metabolism-weight phenotypes over time: A longitudinal study using the multistate Markov model in China.DOCX

BackgroundA change in weight or metabolic status is a dynamic process, yet most studies have focused on metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and the transition between MHO and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO); therefore, they have not fully revealed the nature of all possible transitions among metabolism-weight phenotypes over the years.MethodsThis was a longitudinal study based on a retrospective health check-up cohort. A total of 9,742 apparently healthy individuals aged 20–60 years at study entry were included and underwent at least two health check-ups. Six metabolism-weight phenotypes were cross-defined by body mass index (BMI) categories and metabolic status as follows: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy overweight (MHOW), MHO, metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOW), and MUO. A multistate Markov model was used to analyse all possible transitions among these phenotypes and assess the effects of demographic and blood indicators on the transitions.ResultsThe transition intensity from MUNW to MHNW was the highest (0.64), followed by the transition from MHO to MUO (0.56). The greatest sojourn time appeared in the MHNW state (3.84 years), followed by the MUO state (2.34 years), and the shortest sojourn time appeared in the MHO state (1.16 years). Transition intensities for metabolic improvement gradually decreased with BMI level as follows: 0.64 for MUNW to MHNW, 0.44 for MUOW to MHNW, and 0.27 for MUO to MHO; however, transition intensities for metabolic deterioration, including MHNW to MUNW, MHOW to MUOW, and MHO to MUO, were 0.15, 0.38, and 0.56, respectively. In the middle-aged male group, elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and uric acid (UA) increased the risk of deterioration in weight and metabolic status and decreased the possibility of improvement.ConclusionMaintaining a normal and stable BMI is important for metabolic health. More attention should be given to males and elderly people to prevent their progression to an unhealthy metabolic and/or weight status. MHO is the most unstable phenotype and is prone to convert to the MUO state, and individuals with abnormal ALT, AST and UA are at an increased risk of transitioning to an unhealthy weight and/or metabolic status; therefore, we should be alert to abnormal indicators and MHO. Intervention measures should be taken early to maintain healthy weight and metabolic status.</p

Boron-Substituted <i>o</i>‑Carboranetrithiol To Construct Trimeric Cobalt Clusters

A new <i>o</i>-carborane-based boron-substituted trithiol has been prepared via direct attachment of sulfur atoms to the B8/B9/B12 vertexes of <i>o</i>-carborane. On the basis of the trithiolate ligand, both the neutral 51 cluster valence electron (CVE) and the cationic 50-CVE trimeric cobalt clusters have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Electrochemical observations demonstrate that the 51-CVE cluster is electron-overloaded and readily undergoes one-electron oxidation to yield the thermodynamically stable 50-CVE species