Lewis Acid Assisted Diels–Alder Reaction with Regio- and Stereoselectivity: <i>Anti</i>-1,4-Adducts with Rigid Scaffolds and Their Application in Explosives Sensing

Unusual <i>anti</i>-1,4-adducts of anthracene derivatives and <i>anti</i>-adducts of inert arenes with rigid scaffolds have been obtained via AlCl₃-assisted Diels–Alder reaction in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. Further derivation of 1,4-adducts gave π-conjugated polymers which could act as sensors of explosive species. This highly efficient synthesis method provides versatile approaches to solid-state emissive π-conjugated polymers

Lewis Acid Assisted Diels–Alder Reaction with Regio- and Stereoselectivity: <i>Anti</i>-1,4-Adducts with Rigid Scaffolds and Their Application in Explosives Sensing

Unusual <i>anti</i>-1,4-adducts of anthracene derivatives and <i>anti</i>-adducts of inert arenes with rigid scaffolds have been obtained via AlCl₃-assisted Diels–Alder reaction in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. Further derivation of 1,4-adducts gave π-conjugated polymers which could act as sensors of explosive species. This highly efficient synthesis method provides versatile approaches to solid-state emissive π-conjugated polymers

Lewis Acid Assisted Diels–Alder Reaction with Regio- and Stereoselectivity: <i>Anti</i>-1,4-Adducts with Rigid Scaffolds and Their Application in Explosives Sensing

Unusual <i>anti</i>-1,4-adducts of anthracene derivatives and <i>anti</i>-adducts of inert arenes with rigid scaffolds have been obtained via AlCl₃-assisted Diels–Alder reaction in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. Further derivation of 1,4-adducts gave π-conjugated polymers which could act as sensors of explosive species. This highly efficient synthesis method provides versatile approaches to solid-state emissive π-conjugated polymers

Lewis Acid Assisted Diels–Alder Reaction with Regio- and Stereoselectivity: <i>Anti</i>-1,4-Adducts with Rigid Scaffolds and Their Application in Explosives Sensing

Unusual <i>anti</i>-1,4-adducts of anthracene derivatives and <i>anti</i>-adducts of inert arenes with rigid scaffolds have been obtained via AlCl₃-assisted Diels–Alder reaction in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. Further derivation of 1,4-adducts gave π-conjugated polymers which could act as sensors of explosive species. This highly efficient synthesis method provides versatile approaches to solid-state emissive π-conjugated polymers

Thermoresponsive Arrays Patterned via Photoclick Chemistry: Smart MALDI Plate for Protein Digest Enrichment, Desalting, and Direct MS Analysis

Sample desalting and concentration are crucial steps before matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) analysis. Current sample pretreatment approaches require tedious fabrication and operation procedures, which are unamenable to high-throughput analysis and also result in sample loss. Here, we report the development of a smart MALDI substrate for on-plate desalting, enrichment, and direct MS analysis of protein digests based on thermoresponsive, hydrophilic/hydrophobic transition of surface-grafted poly­(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microarrays. Superhydrophilic 1-thioglycerol microwells are first constructed on alkyne–silane-functionalized rough indium tin oxide substrates based on two sequential thiol-yne photoclick reactions, whereas the surrounding regions are modified with hydrophobic 1<i>H</i>,1<i>H</i>,2<i>H</i>,2<i>H</i>-perfluorodecanethiol. Surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization is then triggered in microwells to form PNIPAM arrays, which facilitate sample loading and enrichment of protein digests by concentrating large-volume samples into small dots and achieving on-plate desalting through PNIPAM configuration change at elevated temperature. The smart MALDI plate shows high performance for mass spectrometric analysis of cytochrome <i>c</i> and neurotensin in the presence of 1 M urea and 100 mM NaHCO₃, as well as improved detection sensitivity and high sequence coverage for α-casein and cytochrome <i>c</i> digests in femtomole range. The work presents a versatile sample pretreatment platform with great potential for proteomic research

Soft Micromotors with Switchable Motion Enabled by 3D-to-3D Shape Reconfiguration

Soft self-propelled motors have attracted great attention due to their potential applications for mixing, sorting, and transportation. However, it is still a challenge to have fast yet dynamically controllable motion, especially when reducing the dimension to the microscale level. Here, responsive hydrogel-based, microscale motors capable of dynamic switchable motion are constructed, propelled by the recoiling of bubble expelling. The motors indicate full reversible and tunable moving performance, including switchable trajectory from straight line to spiral path, and rapid velocity increase over 1 order of magnitude. A maximum velocity reaching up to 1000 μm/s, more than 20 body lengths per second, is obtained. This in situ motion modulation is achieved by autonomous 3D-to-3D shape reconfiguration of the micromotors under an external temperature stimulus. The shape morphing endows control of the bubble ejection frequency and the thrust force direction to consequently switch the motion. Based on this strategy, diverse movements can be obtained by rational design of the morphology transformation based on responsive polymeric materials instead of an external field such as a magnetic field. The micromotors indicate the merits of microscale level, soft body, fast velocity, dynamically tunable trajectory, and ability to accelerate fluid mixtures in microfluidic devices, which could boost the applications in miniaturized robotics, biomimetic devices, and transportation/fluid mixture

Soft Micromotors with Switchable Motion Enabled by 3D-to-3D Shape Reconfiguration

Soft self-propelled motors have attracted great attention due to their potential applications for mixing, sorting, and transportation. However, it is still a challenge to have fast yet dynamically controllable motion, especially when reducing the dimension to the microscale level. Here, responsive hydrogel-based, microscale motors capable of dynamic switchable motion are constructed, propelled by the recoiling of bubble expelling. The motors indicate full reversible and tunable moving performance, including switchable trajectory from straight line to spiral path, and rapid velocity increase over 1 order of magnitude. A maximum velocity reaching up to 1000 μm/s, more than 20 body lengths per second, is obtained. This in situ motion modulation is achieved by autonomous 3D-to-3D shape reconfiguration of the micromotors under an external temperature stimulus. The shape morphing endows control of the bubble ejection frequency and the thrust force direction to consequently switch the motion. Based on this strategy, diverse movements can be obtained by rational design of the morphology transformation based on responsive polymeric materials instead of an external field such as a magnetic field. The micromotors indicate the merits of microscale level, soft body, fast velocity, dynamically tunable trajectory, and ability to accelerate fluid mixtures in microfluidic devices, which could boost the applications in miniaturized robotics, biomimetic devices, and transportation/fluid mixture

Soft Micromotors with Switchable Motion Enabled by 3D-to-3D Shape Reconfiguration

Soft self-propelled motors have attracted great attention due to their potential applications for mixing, sorting, and transportation. However, it is still a challenge to have fast yet dynamically controllable motion, especially when reducing the dimension to the microscale level. Here, responsive hydrogel-based, microscale motors capable of dynamic switchable motion are constructed, propelled by the recoiling of bubble expelling. The motors indicate full reversible and tunable moving performance, including switchable trajectory from straight line to spiral path, and rapid velocity increase over 1 order of magnitude. A maximum velocity reaching up to 1000 μm/s, more than 20 body lengths per second, is obtained. This in situ motion modulation is achieved by autonomous 3D-to-3D shape reconfiguration of the micromotors under an external temperature stimulus. The shape morphing endows control of the bubble ejection frequency and the thrust force direction to consequently switch the motion. Based on this strategy, diverse movements can be obtained by rational design of the morphology transformation based on responsive polymeric materials instead of an external field such as a magnetic field. The micromotors indicate the merits of microscale level, soft body, fast velocity, dynamically tunable trajectory, and ability to accelerate fluid mixtures in microfluidic devices, which could boost the applications in miniaturized robotics, biomimetic devices, and transportation/fluid mixture

Soft Micromotors with Switchable Motion Enabled by 3D-to-3D Shape Reconfiguration

Soft self-propelled motors have attracted great attention due to their potential applications for mixing, sorting, and transportation. However, it is still a challenge to have fast yet dynamically controllable motion, especially when reducing the dimension to the microscale level. Here, responsive hydrogel-based, microscale motors capable of dynamic switchable motion are constructed, propelled by the recoiling of bubble expelling. The motors indicate full reversible and tunable moving performance, including switchable trajectory from straight line to spiral path, and rapid velocity increase over 1 order of magnitude. A maximum velocity reaching up to 1000 μm/s, more than 20 body lengths per second, is obtained. This in situ motion modulation is achieved by autonomous 3D-to-3D shape reconfiguration of the micromotors under an external temperature stimulus. The shape morphing endows control of the bubble ejection frequency and the thrust force direction to consequently switch the motion. Based on this strategy, diverse movements can be obtained by rational design of the morphology transformation based on responsive polymeric materials instead of an external field such as a magnetic field. The micromotors indicate the merits of microscale level, soft body, fast velocity, dynamically tunable trajectory, and ability to accelerate fluid mixtures in microfluidic devices, which could boost the applications in miniaturized robotics, biomimetic devices, and transportation/fluid mixture

Calpain-1 selectively cleaves the p68 and p12 subunits to convert Pol δ4 to the dimeric core enzyme.

<p>Pol δ (480 ng) was incubated with 1 unit of calpain-1 for 1 hr at 30°C as described in “<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039156#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>”. The reactions were analyzed by Western blotting. The four Pol δ subunits are marked by arrows on the left. Lane 1, Pol δ4 negative control. Lane 2, Pol δ4 incubated with human calpain-1 and CaCl₂. Lane 3, Pol δ4 incubated with heat-inactivated calpain-1 (calpain-1*). Lanes 4 and 5, Pol δ4 incubated with calpain-1 in the presence of the calpain inhibitors ALLN or calpeptin. The truncated fragments of p12 are marked by asterisks.</p