Microstrip patch antennas with 3-dimensional substrates

This paper investigates the concept of replacing conventional flat 2-D patch antennas with 3-D versions where the substrate height is not uniform. The hypothesis of this work is that the electric fields are not evenly distributed under the patch and hence increasing the height in specific locations can be beneficial in terms of size of performance

Manipulating microsized coupling gaps for reconfigurable antenna applications

Synthetically arranged microlines (width ≤ 1mm) have been considered for antennas and radiating structures at microwave frequencies. Finite-difference time-domain simulations show how the electrical size of the structure and multiple resonances can be controlled by carefully introducing microsized gaps

Capacitive coupling of discrete micro-sized gaps for RF applications

This paper investigates the performance of a passive thin metallic object containing micro-sized gaps exposed to a plane wave excitation. This work has potential applications for emerging antenna fabrication techniques where the conducting sections are made from discrete metallic sections. This includes antennas composed from nanomaterials and conventional inkjet printed antennas. Electromagnetic simulations showed metallic sections separated by a micro-sized gap were found to capacitively couple. The coupling can be enhanced by reducing the size of the gap, increasing the width of the metallic object or by filling the gap with a permittivity greater than unity. It should be noted that the DC value of parallel plate capacitor is not strictly valid at radiofrequencies – however, this paper shows that the DC value of capacitance is a reasonable approximation and is useful to understand the behavior

3D printing, inkjet printing and embroidery techniques for wearable antennas

This paper will review techniques of manufacturing wearable antennas. 3D printing can be used to create flexible substrates. 3D shapes can be created which can be used to reduce the antenna size. Embroidery will also be discussed. The technique naturally lends itself to linear antennas

Antenna emblems reshaped as icons and esthetic logos (aerial)

This paper introduces the concept of designing microstrip patch antennas to take the form of aesthetic arbitrary shapes or logos. Various intermediate shapes have been examined to analyze the behavior of asymmetric, curved, angular and disconnected sections

Microstrip patch antennas with 3-dimensional substrates

This paper investigates the concept of replacing conventional flat 2-D patch antennas with 3-D versions where the substrate height is not uniform. The hypothesis of this work is that the electric fields are not evenly distributed under the patch and hence increasing the height in specific locations can be beneficial in terms of size of performance

A study of changes to specific absorption rates in the mucous membrane close to perfectly conducting spectacles within the radio frequency range 0.8 to 2.6 GHz.

Abstract—this paper investigates the effects of metallic spectacles on the Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) in the mucous membrane in the human head, using the FDTD method. The excitation is a vertically polarised plane wave traveling from the front of the face to the back of the head. The frequency range considered is 0.8 to 2.6GHz. Metallic spectacles were found to significantly change the SAR in the mucous membrane

On specific absorption rates in the human mucous membrane with conducting spectacles at mobile phone frequencies by FDTD simulation

An anatomically correct FDTD head phantom was used to study SAR levels in the mucous membrane found in the lining of the nose, sinuses and ears. The membrane is found to absorb significant levels of energy when illuminated by a plane wave from the front of the head. The frequency range considered is 0.8 to 2.6GHz. Metallic spectacles were found to significantly change the SAR in the eyes and mucous membrane

A study of changes to specific absorption rates in the human eye close to perfectly conducting spectacles within the radio frequency range 1.5 to 3.0 GHz

This paper investigates relative changes in specific absorption rates due to perturbing metallic spectacles in proximity to the face. A representative electrical property biological matter model with 25 distinct tissue types based on magnetic resonance imaging data is used with the finite-difference time-domain method. Both plane wave and dipole stimuli are investigated and are used to represent an excitation from the front of the head. The frequency range investigated is 1.5 to 3.0 GHz. Results show that metallic spectacles may significantly alter SAR level distributions within the head. Specific attention is given to energy interactions with the eyes. Results are given for several common spectacle frame shapes

Applications of a genetic algorithm for identification of maxima in specific absorption rates in the human eye close to perfectly conducting spectacles

Relative changes in specific absorption rates owing to perturbing metallic spectacles in proximity to the face are investigated. A representative electrical property biological matter model with twenty five distinct tissue types based on images of an adult male is used with the FDTD method. Both plane wave and dipole source stimuli are investigated and are used to represent a mobile cellular-enabled personal digital assistant held in front of the face. Results show that metallic spectacles may alter significantly specific absorption rate (SAR) level distributions within the head. The frequency range investigated is 1.5–3.0GHz. Specific attention is given to energy interactions with the eyes. Results are given for several common spectacle frame shapes in addition to whole head energy absorption comparisons. Whole head and single mirrored half head sensitivity data are also presented. A Pareto ranked genetic algorithm (GA) is used to search for the spectacles that cause the highest and lowest SAR in the eye