Investigation of Matrix Effects in Laboratory Studies of Catalytic Ozonation Processes

A systematic study investigating the effects of water matrices on heterogeneous catalytic ozonation processes was conducted in a semibatch reactor at initial pH 7.00 ± 0.20. Specifically, three matrices commonly used in laboratory studies were tested: deionized (DI) water, phosphate buffered solution, and tetra-borate buffered solution. Three metal oxide catalysts on SiO2 support, CuO/SiO2, Fe2O3/SiO2, and MnO2/SiO2 (all ∼4.5% metal loading), were synthesized and used as representative solid catalysts. Oxalate was selected as the model compound as it is a common end product in aqueous ozonation processes and also a typical refractory compound to conventional chemical oxidation. Hydroxyl radical (•OH) is generally accepted as the main reactive species in catalytic ozonation processes and can react with oxalate by electron transfer. Catalytic ozonation of oxalate in different water matrices were carried out in a laboratory experimental setup where ozone concentrations in the feed gas and off gas line were continuously monitored. Decomposition tests with and without catalysts in different matrices were also conducted in batch homogeneous reactors to probe the matrix effects on ozone decomposition and interactions between ozone and the catalysts. Moreover, t-butanol (TBA) and methanol were added as the •OH probe compounds to investigate the oxalate degradation mechanisms in various matrices. It was found that the effects of water matrices on catalytic ozonation were multifaceted, including process performance, catalysts stability, and mechanism and reaction pathways. These matrix effects can be ascribed to the influence of inorganic anions such as phosphate and borate on ozone decomposition, competitive adsorption on the catalyst surface, and generation of reactive species during catalytic ozonation processes

Low-Temperature Catalytic Dry Reforming of Methane over Pd Promoted Ni–CaO–Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₃ Multifunctional Catalyst

The dry reforming of methane (DRM) suffers from high energy consumption and catalyst deactivation over time on stream at high operating temperatures (>800 °C). Here, we demonstrate that DRM is effectively catalyzed at 600 °C by Pd promoted Ni–CaO–Ca12Al14O33 multifunctional adsorbent/catalyst materials with 67% CO2 conversion, 68% CH4 conversion, and a H2/CO ratio close to unity. Notably, the catalyst shows no sign of deactivation at 600 °C for a 50 h continuous on-stream DRM reaction. The high performance is ascribed to the enhanced CH4 dissociation activity with the presence of Pd. CH4 reformed with CaCO3 achieved the transformation between bulk CaCO3 and nanoparticles of CaO. The dynamic transformation may allow for reversible encapsulation and release of Ni particles, thereby suppressing Ni sintering. Furthermore, the coke formed on the catalyst is mainly the active carbon species which is easily removed by CO2 and CaCO3, thus ensuring the long-term stability. The results demonstrated herein shed light on a new paradigm to design low-temperature DRM reaction catalysts

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Additional file 3: Figure S1. The statistical numbers of differential metabolites between groups. Red bars represent the numbers of relative concentration increased metabolites and blue bars represent the numbers of relative concentration decreased metabolites. Figure S2. PCR amplification of the endogenous pyc gene using the genomic DNA of A. pullulans. Figure S3. Construction of the pyc cassette by cloning into the plasmid pBARGPE1 with the PgpdA promoter. Figure S4. Batch fermentation of different ATMT-derived clones with glucose as carbon source in shake flask. Figure S5. Analysis of sequences flanking to T-DNA in genome of the strain E10

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Additional file 4: Table S3. The changes of differential metabolites in glucose- and sucrose-based fermentation

Ni₁₂P₅‑Supported Marigold-Shaped CdIn₂S₄: A 2D/3D Non-Noble-Metal Catalyst for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Production

The development of photocatalysts with high catalytic activity and high stability is one of the effective ways to alleviate the energy shortage. A simple hydrothermal method was used to deposit a two-dimensional (2D) non-precious-metal cocatalyst Ni12P5 on the surface of three-dimensional (3D) CdIn2S4 in situ. A 2D/3D Ni12P5/CdIn2S4 heterostructure with close contact was obtained in this work. Its hydrogen production activity can reach 5.01 mmol/g/h, which was about 18 times higher than that of pure CdIn2S4. The apparent quantum yield of 3% Ni12P5/CdIn2S4 at 400 nm was 23.5%. In addition, the band structures of Ni12P5 and CdIn2S4 were calculated according to the experimental data of UV–visible diffuse reflection, Mott–Schottky analysis, and XPS valence band spectrum characterization. With the help of XPS testing, the transfer direction of photogenerated electrons and holes in the composite catalyst was predicted, and then the possible photocatalytic mechanism was speculated

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Additional file 1: Table S1. List of strains, plasmids, and primers

Table_1_Dietary factors and risk for asthma: A Mendelian randomization analysis.docx

BackgroundPrevious research has found a link between dietary factors and asthma. However, few studies have analyzed the relationship between dietary factors and asthma using Mendelian randomization. Methods: The IEU Open GWAS project (https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/) was the source of exposure and outcome datasets. The exposure datasets included Alcoholic drinks per week, Alcohol intake frequency, Processed meat intake, Poultry intake, Beef intake, Non-oily fish intake, Oily fish intake, Pork intake, Lamb/mutton intake, Bread intake, Cheese intake, Cooked vegetable intake, Tea intake, Fresh fruit intake, Cereal intake, Salad/raw vegetable intake, Coffee intake, and Dried fruit intake. The weighted median, MR-Egger, and Inverse Variance Weighted methods were used as the main methods of Mendelian randomization analysis. Heterogeneity and pleiotropic analysis were performed to ensure the accuracy of the results.ResultsAlcohol intake frequency (after removing outliers OR: 1.217; 95% CI: 1.048-1.413; p=0.00993) was related to an increased risk of Asthma. Fresh fruit intake (OR: 0.489; 95% CI: 0.320-0.748; p=0.000954) and Dried fruit intake (after removing outliers OR: 0.482; 95% CI: 0.325-0.717; p= 0.000312) were discovered as protective factors. Other dietary intakes found no causal relationship with asthma.ConclusionThis study found that dried fruit intake and fresh fruit intake were associated with a reduced risk of asthma, and alcohol intake frequency was associated with an increased risk of asthma. This study also found that other factors included in this study were not associated with asthma.</p

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Additional file 2: Table S2. Identified metabolites by comparison of mass spectra

Polyaniline Nanofibers: Their Amphiphilicity and Uses for Pickering Emulsions and On-Demand Emulsion Separation

The wetting property of nanomaterials is of great importance to both fundamental understanding and potential applications. However, the study on the intrinsic wetting property of nanomaterials is interfered by organic capping agents, which are often used to lower the surface energy of nanomaterials and avoid their irreversible agglomeration. In this work, the wetting property of the nanostructured polyaniline that requires no organic capping agents is investigated. Compared to hydrophilic granular particulates, polyaniline nanofibers are amphiphilic and have an excellent capability of creating Pickering emulsions at a wide range of pH. It is suggested that polyaniline nanofibers can be easily wetted by water and oil. Furthermore, the amphiphilic polyaniline nanofibers as building blocks can be used to construct filtration membranes with a small pore size. The wetting layer of the continuous phase of emulsions in the porous nanochannels efficiently prevents the permeation of the dispersed phase, realizing high-efficiency on-demand emulsion separation