<i>Ac</i>-TMP-1-induced suppressor cells decrease proliferation of CD4+ T cells.

<p>Percentage of CFSE+ cells in naïve and activated CD4+ T cell cultures following co-culture with suppressor T cells. Suppressor CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were generated through incubation with unstimulated or either OVA or <i>Ac</i>-TMP-1-primed bone marrow-derived DCs. Suppressor T cells were co-incubated with CFSE-labeled naïve or anti CD3 activated CD4+ T cells and restimulated with anti CD3 and IL-2. In some wells, neutralizing antibodies against either IL-10 or TGF-Β were added. The percentage of CFSE+ cells was determined in the target population by flow cytometry. Figure shows are the mean±SD from 3 independent determinations. *: Statistically significant, P = 0.05.</p

<i>Ac</i>-TMP-1 treatment affects their phenotype and cytokine expression bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.

<p>A. Flow cytometry profiles of CD80, CD86 and MHC Class I and II expression levels in CD11c+ bone marrow-derived DCs incubated for 16 hours with RPMI or 1–100 µg recombinant <i>Ac</i>-TMP-1. Data are expressed as average±SEM of 3 different experiments. *: Statistically significant, P = 0.02. B. Flow cytometry profiles of MHC Class II expression levels in DCs incubated at different time points with RPMI, 50 µg recombinant <i>Ac</i>-TMP-1 or 50 µg OVA. Data are expressed as average±SEM of 3 different experiments. *: Statistically significant, P = 0.008. C. Intracellular cytokine staining for IL-12p40/p70 and IL-10 in CD11c+ bone marrow-derived DCs unstimulated or stimulated with <i>Ac</i>-TMP-1 or OVA. Data are expressed as average±SEM of 4 different experiments. *: Statistically significant, P = 0.001. D. Secretion of TGF-Β in supernatants of DCs primed with the antigens as in B. Data are expressed as average±SEM of 3 different determinations. *: Statistically significant, P = 0.0001.</p

Vision-based trajectory tracking control of quadrotors using super twisting sliding mode control

A trajectory-tracking problem for a vision-based quadrotor control system is investigated in this paper. A super twisting sliding mode (STSM) controller is proposed for finite-time trajectory tracking control. With the help of the homogeneous technique, the closed-loop system is proved to be finite-time stable. In addition, due to the introduction of super twisting mechanism, the controller can restrain chattering effect of sliding mode control. On the other hand, a pose estimation through data fusion is proposed to localise the quadrotor. A Kalman filter (KF) is utilised to fuse the estimated pose from semi-direct monocular visual odometry (SVO) with data from inertial measurement unit (IMU). A number of simulations are carried out on MATLAB and physical engine simulator Gazebo. The results show that the proposed system controller has better performances in terms of robustness and anti-disturbance than the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller and the first order sliding mode controller.</p

<i>Ac</i>-TMP-1 induces generation of regulatory T cells.

<p>Splenic T cells were co-cultured with bone marrow-derived DCs treated with <i>Ac</i>-TMP-1 (50 µg) for 16 h at a T cell: DC ratio of 5∶1. Cells were gated by CD4 or CD8. The percentage of CD25+ expression Foxp3 was first analyzed in the CD4 (upper left) and CD8 (lower left) populations. Then, the expression of IFN-γ or IL-10 in the CD25+Foxp3− or CD25+Foxp3+ populations was determined (right) and indicated at the upper right corner of each histogram. Data shown are representative from 3 independent experiments.</p

Decreased lymphoproliferative responses in mice treated with <i>Ac</i>-TMP-1.

<p>A. Proliferation profile of CSFE-labeled splenic T cells from B/6 mice treated with PBS, <i>Ac</i>-TMP-1 or OVA and restimulated <i>ex vivo</i> with 50 µg/ml <i>Ac</i>-TMP-1, 50 µg/ml OVA or 5 µg/ml anti CD3. FACS histograms are gated on CD4+ cells and show the intensity of CFSE staining 5 days after restimulation. Numbers shown indicate percentage of cells in the region depicted in the histogram. Data show a representative experiment of 3 independent determinations. B. Percentage of CFSE+CD4+ splenic T cells from mice cells from B/6 mice treated with PBS, <i>Ac</i>-TMP-1 or OVA and restimulated <i>ex vivo</i> with <i>Ac</i>-TMP-1, OVA or with anti CD3. Data are expressed as average±SEM (n = 3). *: Statistically significant, P = 0.002.</p

Critical Roles of High- and Low-Frequency Optical Phonons in Photodynamics of Zero-Dimensional Perovskite-like (C₆H₂₂N₄Cl₃)SnCl₃ Crystals

The zero-dimensional perovskites composed of isolated polyhedrons have unique and distinct physical properties compared with three-dimensional perovskites composed of interconnected polyhedrons. Here, we study the photodynamics of the zero-dimensional perovskite-like (C6H22N4Cl3)­SnCl3 single crystals composed of isolated [SnCl3]− tetrahedrons. They exhibit red luminescence with huge Stokes shift (2.49 eV), large spectral broadening (416 meV), and long lifetime (6.9 μs). The experiments in conjunction with the ab initio calculations reveal the special roles of high- and low-frequency phonons in the photodynamics of the (C6H22N4Cl3)­SnCl3 crystals. The resonance between the organic-cation-related high-frequency optical phonons and the singlet-to-triplet state transition induces strong intersystem crossing and resultant spin-forbidden luminescence. The strong electron–tetrahedron-related low-frequency optical-phonon coupling revealed by the low-temperature spectral characterization causes large spectral broadening. The strong lattice relaxation owing to localization of the electronic orbitals along with intersystem crossing accounts for the large Stokes shift

Influencing factors of clinical efficacy of roxadustat among hemodialysis patients

To explore independent influencing factors for clinical efficacy of roxadustat in hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis patients treated with roxadustat were enrolled. The plasma trough concentrations of roxadustat were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). A multiple logistic regression model was established to determine the factors that affect clinical efficacy of roxadustat in patients undergoing hemodialysis. A total of 67 hemodialysis patients were enrolled in the study. The results showed that age, blood trough concentration of roxadustat, and baseline hemoglobin (Hb) level were independent factors of clinical efficacy of roxadustat (OR = 1.06, p = .025 for age; OR = 1.001, p = .037 for plasma concentration; and OR = 0.941, p = .003 for baseline Hb), with an AUC score of 0.859. Age, blood trough concentration of roxadustat, and baseline Hb level were independent influencing factors of the response to roxadustat in hemodialysis patients.</p

Quantitative Modeling of Self-Assembly Growth of Luminescent Colloidal CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ Nanocrystals

The organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites with different dimensions and diverse architectures are highly attractive materials for optoelectronic applications. However, people know little about the dynamics of their formation processes. Here, we study both experimentally and theoretically the self-assembly formation dynamics of the luminescent colloidal CH3NH3PbBr3 nanocrystals. We have observed their successive transformations from original spherical quantum dots to periodically stacked nanoplatelets when the primitive colloidal nanocrystals with a high concentration were maintained in liquid for a prolonged period of time. A theoretical dynamic collision model by taking into account the popular van der Waals force, the polarization force that is unique for the perovskites, and the electrostatic forces between particle surfaces in the presence of the surface ligands is proposed to explain the self-assembly process of the colloidal CH3NH3PbBr3 nanocrystals. The result reveals that the rather easy self-assembly of the organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites with different morphologies in the absence of enough surface ligands is closely related to their intrinsic polarization force, whereas the presence of the surface ligands could hamper the self-assembly process. The proposed theoretical model is general and can be used to analyze the self-assembly dynamics of various types of colloidal nanostructures

Robust non-negative matrix tri-factorization with dual hyper-graph regularization

Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) has been an ideal tool for machine learning. Non-negative Matrix Tri-Factorization (NMTF) is a generalization of NMF that incorporates a third non-negative factorization matrix, and has shown impressive clustering performance by imposing simultaneous orthogonality constraints on both sample and feature spaces. However, the performance of NMTF dramatically degrades if the data are contaminated with noises and outliers. Furthermore, the high-order geometric information is rarely considered. In this paper, a Robust NMTF with Dual Hyper-graph regularization (namely RDHNMTF) is introduced. Firstly, to enhance the robustness of NMTF, an improvement is made by utilizing the l2,1-norm to evaluate the reconstruction error. Secondly, a dual hyper-graph is established to uncover the higher-order inherent information within sample space and feature spaces for clustering. Furthermore, an alternating iteration algorithm is devised, and its convergence is thoroughly analyzed. Additionally, computational complexity is analyzed among comparison algorithms. The effectiveness of RDHNMTF is verified by benchmarking against ten cuttina-edae alaorithms across seven datasets corrupted with four types of noise.</p