Additional file 1 of Breastfeeding and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Relationship between demographiccharacteristics and body types of children and adolescents (aged 6 to 16 years)in Shibei District of Qingdao, China

Biomimetic Submicroarrayed Cross-Linked Liquid Crystal Polymer Films with Different Wettability via Colloidal Lithography

Photoresponsive cross-linked liquid crystal polymer (CLCP) films with different surface topographies, submicropillar arrays, and submicrocone arrays were fabricated through colloidal lithography technique by modulating different types of etching masks. The prepared submicropillar arrays were uniform with an average pillar diameter of 250 nm and the cone bottom diameter of the submicrocone arrays was about 400 nm, which are much smaller than previously reported CLCP micropillars. More interestingly, these two species of films with the same chemical structure represented completely different wetting behavior of water adhesion and mimicked rose petal and lotus leaf, respectively. Both the submicropillar arrayed film and the submicrocone arrayed film exhibited superhyrophobicity with a water contact angle (CA) value of 144.0 ± 1.7° and 156.4 ± 1.2°, respectively. Meanwhile, the former demonstrated a very high sliding angle (SA) greater than 90°, and thus, the water droplet was pinned on the surface as rose petal. On the contrary, the SA of the submicrocone arrayed CLCP film consisting of micro- and nanostructure was only 3.1 ± 2.0°, which is as low as that of lotus leaf. Furthermore, the change on the wettability of the films was also investigated under alternating irradiation of visible light with two different wavelengths, blue light and green light

Table_1_Analysis of the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of hepatitis E in Jiangsu province from 2005 to 2020.DOC

ObjectiveThis study attempts to analyze the spatial clustering and spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of hepatitis E (HE) at the county (city and district) level in Jiangsu province to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HE.MethodThe information on HE cases reported in the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System from 2005 to 2020 was collected for spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial-temporal clustering analysis.ResultFrom 2005 to 2020, 48,456 HE cases were reported in Jiangsu province, with an average annual incidence rate of 3.87/100,000. Male cases outnumbered female cases (2.46:1), and the incidence was highest in the 30–70 years of age group (80.50%). Farmers accounted for more than half of all cases (59.86%), and in terms of the average annual incidence, the top three cities were all in Zhenjiang city. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that Global Moran's I of HE incidence varied from 0.232 to 0.513 for the years. From 2005 to 2020, 31 counties (cities and districts) had high and statistically significant HE incidence, and two clustering areas were detected by spatial-temporal scanning.ConclusionHE incidence in Jiangsu province from 2005 to 2020 was stable, with age and gender differences, regional clustering, and spatial-temporal clustering. Further investigation of HE clustering areas is necessary to formulate corresponding targeted prevention and control measures.</p

Table_2_Analysis of the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of hepatitis E in Jiangsu province from 2005 to 2020.DOC

ObjectiveThis study attempts to analyze the spatial clustering and spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of hepatitis E (HE) at the county (city and district) level in Jiangsu province to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HE.MethodThe information on HE cases reported in the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System from 2005 to 2020 was collected for spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial-temporal clustering analysis.ResultFrom 2005 to 2020, 48,456 HE cases were reported in Jiangsu province, with an average annual incidence rate of 3.87/100,000. Male cases outnumbered female cases (2.46:1), and the incidence was highest in the 30–70 years of age group (80.50%). Farmers accounted for more than half of all cases (59.86%), and in terms of the average annual incidence, the top three cities were all in Zhenjiang city. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that Global Moran's I of HE incidence varied from 0.232 to 0.513 for the years. From 2005 to 2020, 31 counties (cities and districts) had high and statistically significant HE incidence, and two clustering areas were detected by spatial-temporal scanning.ConclusionHE incidence in Jiangsu province from 2005 to 2020 was stable, with age and gender differences, regional clustering, and spatial-temporal clustering. Further investigation of HE clustering areas is necessary to formulate corresponding targeted prevention and control measures.</p

Hierarchical Polymer Brush Nanoarrays: A Versatile Way to Prepare Multiscale Patterns of Proteins

This paper presents a versatile way to prepare multiscale and gradient patterns of proteins. The protein patterns are fabricated by conjugating proteins covalently on patterns of polymer brush that are prepared by techniques combining colloidal lithography with photolithography, and two-step colloidal lithography. Taking advantages of this technique, the parameters of protein patterns, such as height, diameters, periods, and distances between two dots, can be arbitrarily tuned. In addition, the protein patterns with varies of architectures, such as microdiscs, microstripes, microrings, microtriangles, microgrids, etc., consisting of protein nanodots, are prepared and the sample size is up to 4 cm². The as-prepared patterns of fibronectin can promote the cell adhesion and cell location

Hierarchical-Multiplex DNA Patterns Mediated by Polymer Brush Nanocone Arrays That Possess Potential Application for Specific DNA Sensing

This paper provides a facile and cost-efficient method to prepare single-strand DNA (ssDNA) nanocone arrays and hierarchical DNA patterns that were mediated by poly­(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brush. The PHEMA brush nanocone arrays with different morphology and period were fabricated via colloidal lithography. The hierarchical structure was prepared through the combination of colloidal lithography and traditional photolithography. The DNA patterns were easily achieved via grafting the amino group modified ssDNA onto the side chain of polymer brush, and the anchored DNA maintained their reactivity. The as-prepared ssDNA nanocone arrays can be applied for target DNA sensing with the detection limit reaching 1.65 nM. Besides, with the help of introducing microfluidic ideology, the hierarchical-multiplex DNA patterns on the same substrate could be easily achieved with each kind of pattern possessing one kind of ssDNA, which are promising surfaces for the preparation of rapid, visible, and multiplex DNA sensors

Near-Infrared Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence from Simple Copper Nanoclusters for Sensitive Alpha-Fetoprotein Sensing

Exploiting low cost, water-soluble, and near-infrared (NIR) emissive electrochemiluminophores (ECLphores) is significantly important for biological applications. In this study, bright and NIR electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) emissive copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) were synthesized through a facile one-pot wet chemical reduction method. ECL properties of obtained Cu NCs were examined in the presence of potassium persulfate, resulting in maximum intensity at 735 nm, at least 135 nm red-shifted with respect to all other Cu NCs. Electrochemistry, photoluminescence (PL), and spooling ECL spectroscopies were used to track NIR ECL emission of Cu NCs ascribed to the monomeric excited states. Due to the abundant binding sites of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to anchor target biomolecules, a sandwich-type ECL immunosensor was thus fabricated using such BSA-templated Cu NCs as tags and alpha fetoprotein antigen (AFP) as a model protein for the first time. Without assisting any signal amplification strategies, the proposed NIR ECL biosensor exhibited a wide linear range (1–400 ng mL–1) and low detection limit (0.02 ng mL–1) as well as superior selectivity and reproducibility and was successfully applied in real human serum sample determination. This work sets the stage for the development of novel non-noble metal nanoclusters for large-scale and emerging nanotechnology applications

Multifunctional Reversible Fluorescent Controller Based on a One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal

With the aim to build a multifunctional solid fluorescent controller, a one-dimensional photonic crystal and CdSe fluorescent single layer were separated on the opposite sides of quartz substrates. The separation structure remarkably facilitates materials selection for the fluorescent controller, which allows one to freely choose the fluorescent substance and constituents of 1DPC from a wide range of available materials with the best desirable properties and without caring about the interactions between them. Fluorescent enhancement and weakened effect were successfully achieved when the excitation light was irradiated from different sides of the fluorescent device. In addition, the fluorescent intensity can be altered reversibly along with environmental pH values according to the change of a pH-responsive one-dimensional photonic crystal layer, which is quite different from a previously reported quenching mode. Meanwhile, the original position of the photonic stop band is essential for deciding what pH value would produce the best effect of fluorescent control. It provides a way to adjust the effect of fluorescent controller according to certain applied situations. The mechanism of fluorescent variation was confirmed by the assistance of a finite-difference time-domain simulation. Furthermore, this device is also able to modulate fluorescent wavelength and full width at half-maximum by overlapping the photonic stop band and the emission of CdSe. Therefore, this method offers a universal strategy for the fabrication of fluorescent controllers