Particle Simulation of Positive Streamer Discharges on Surface of DC Transmission Conductors With Coating Materials

Particle Simulation of Positive Streamer Discharges on Surface of DC Transmission Conductors With Coating Material

Polycation–Carbon Nanohybrids with Superior Rough Hollow Morphology for the NIR-II Responsive Multimodal Therapy

Polymer–inorganic hybrid nanomaterials have attracted much attention for the multimodal cancer therapy, while it is still desirable to explore hybrids with superior morphologies for two or more therapeutic modalities. In this work, four types of carbon nanoparticles with distinct morphologies were prepared by an elaborate template-carbonization corrosion process and then functionalized with a similar amount of the superior polycationic gene vector, CD-PGEA [consisting of one β-cyclodextrin core (CD) and two cationic ethanolamine-functionalized poly­(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGEA) arms] to evaluate the morphology-influenced gene and photothermal (PT) therapy. Benefiting from the starting rough hollow nanosphere (RHNS) core, the resultant nanohybrids RHNS-PGEA exhibited the highest gene transfection (including luciferase, fluorescent protein plasmid, and antioncogene p53) and NIR PT conversion efficiency among the four types of nanohybrids. Moreover, the efficient PT effect endowed RHNS-PGEA with PA imaging enhancement and an effective imaging guide for the tumor therapy. In addition, anticancer drug 10-hydroxy camptothecin was successfully encapsulated in RHNS with polycation coating, which also displayed the second near-infrared (NIR-II)-responsive drug release. Taking advantages of the superior gene delivery/PT effect and NIR-II-enhanced drug delivery, RHNS-PGEA realized a remarkable therapeutic effect of trimodal gene/PT/chemotherapy of malignant breast cancer treatment in vitro and in vivo. The present work offers a promising approach for the rational design of polymer–inorganic nanohybrids with superior morphology for the multimodal cancer therapy

Efficient Excitation and Active Control of Propagating Graphene Plasmons with a Spatially Engineered Graphene Nanoantenna

Graphene plasmons (GPs) are of great importance in photonics and optoelectronics due to ultrahigh near-field confinement and enhancement. However, the large momentum mismatch between GPs and incident light hinders the efficient excitation of GPs. Conventional excitation schemes, such as prism coupling, grating coupling, and resonant metal antennae, go against the tunability and multifunction of the GP device. Here, we numerically demonstrate the efficient excitation and active control of propagating GPs in a resonant graphene nanoantenna (GNA)-based GP launcher. The resonant GNA provides high-momentum near-field components to match the wavevector of GPs, and the excitation efficiency is significantly enhanced by the quarter-wavelength condition in a reflective configuration. Furthermore, the propagating behavior of GPs is gate-tunable with a GNA. Using spatially engineered GNAs, a tunable directional GP launcher with an extinction ratio of larger than 1000 is achieved. Moreover, we design a vertically crossed GNA-based propagating GP launcher that can serve as the incident polarization information recording. Finally, some graphene plasmonic circuits at the nanoscale, such as a GP waveguide, splitter, and prism, are realized using spatial conductivity patterns in graphene. The efficient excitation and flexible control of propagating GPs with engineered GNAs associated with the spatial conductivity patterns in graphene provide a gate-tunable and multifunctional platform for nanoscale graphene plasmonic devices

GO analysis of genes neighboring SNPr rich regions.

<p>GO analysis of genes neighboring SNPr rich regions.</p

Numbers of methylation reads in SNPv rich region.

<p>Numbers of methylation reads in SNPv rich region.</p

GO analysis of genes containing chip-SNP, SS-SNPv and ST-SNPv.

<p>GO analysis of genes containing chip-SNP, SS-SNPv and ST-SNPv.</p

Statistics of SNPv numbers of different types.

<p>Statistics of SNPv numbers of different types.</p

The possible relation of ROS, DNA methylation, SNPv and SNPr.

<p>The possible relation of ROS, DNA methylation, SNPv and SNPr.</p

Salt tolerance index and numbers of SNPv in different varieties.

<p>Salt tolerance index and numbers of SNPv in different varieties.</p