The Importance of Learning Islamic History and Civilization of Malaysia in the Building of Human Capital and Identity of the Muslim Society in Malaysia

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to study the importance of learning Islamic History and Civilization in Malaysia for human capital building and identification of the muslim society in Malaysia. Its aim is to clarify the importance of this course, specifically at the Department of Arabic Studies and Islamic Civilization, and the need to produce graduates who are conversant in this field in order that they may utilise it in their lives regardless of whichever field they venture into. This study uses the library research method by analysis and evaluation with an argumentative as well as narrative approach. The results of study finds that knowledge and conversance in this field is integral in the formation of human capital and identity of the muslim society in Malaysia. Knowledge and conversance in this field would enable Malays to know the ‘true’ history of the muslim ummah in Malaysia. This knowledge is crucial to help them form and build a Malay-muslim generation in Malaysia, strongly attached to Malay traditions which have once brought the muslims to the pinnacle of success

Genomic Scan Reveals Loci under Altitude Adaptation in Tibetan and Dahe Pigs

<div><p>High altitude environments are of particular interest in the studies of local adaptation as well as their implications in physiology and clinical medicine in human. Some Chinese pig breeds, such as Tibetan pig (TBP) that is well adapted to the high altitude and Dahe pig (DHP) that dwells at the moderate altitude, provide ideal materials to study local adaptation to altitudes. Yet, it is still short of in-depth analysis and understanding of the genetic adaptation to high altitude in the two pig populations. In this study we conducted a genomic scan for selective sweeps using <i>F_ST</i> to identify genes showing evidence of local adaptations in TBP and DHP, with Wuzhishan pig (WZSP) as the low-altitude reference. Totally, we identified 12 specific selective genes (<i>CCBE1, F2RL1, AGGF1, ZFPM2, IL2, FGF5, PLA2G4A, ADAMTS9, NRBF2, JMJD1C</i>, <i>VEGFC</i> and <i>ADAM19</i>) for TBP and six (<i>OGG1</i>, <i>FOXM</i>, <i>FLT3</i>, <i>RTEL1</i>, <i>CRELD1</i> and <i>RHOG</i>) for DHP. In addition, six selective genes (<i>VPS13A</i>, <i>GNA14, GDAP1, PARP8, FGF10 and ADAMTS16</i>) were shared by the two pig breeds. Among these selective genes, three (<i>VEGFC</i>, <i>FGF10</i> and <i>ADAMTS9</i>) were previously reported to be linked to the local adaptation to high altitudes in pigs, while many others were newly identified by this study. Further bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that majority of these selective signatures have some biological functions relevant to the altitude adaptation, for examples, response to hypoxia, development of blood vessels, DNA repair and several hematological involvements. These results suggest that the local adaptation to high altitude environments is sophisticated, involving numerous genes and multiple biological processes, and the shared selective signatures by the two pig breeds may provide an effective avenue to identify the common adaptive mechanisms to different altitudes.</p></div

Functional enrichment analysis of genes within the selected regions identified in comparison of TBP and WZSP.

<p>Notes: GO term, subcategory of biological process.</p><p>Functional enrichment analysis of genes within the selected regions identified in comparison of TBP and WZSP.</p

Genomic distribution of signatures of selection identified in comparison of DHP and WZSP.

<p>Red dots represent significant sites (<i>F_ST</i>≥0.450, and <i>P_E</i>≤0.01, data not shown) within selected regions containing adaptive genes.</p

Genomic <i>F_ST</i> distribution of selective signatures identified in comparison of TBP and WZSP.

<p>Red dots represent significant sites (<i>F_ST</i>≥0.362, and <i>P_E</i>≤0.01, data not shown) within selected regions containing adaptive genes.</p

Functional enrichment analysis of genes within selected regions identified in comparison of DHP and WZSP.

<p>Notes: GO term, subcategory of biological process.</p><p>Functional enrichment analysis of genes within selected regions identified in comparison of DHP and WZSP.</p

Principle component analysis of TBP, DHP and WZSP individuals.

<p>TBP, Tibetan pig; DHP, Dahe pig; WZSP, Wuzhishan pig.</p

Summary of shared selective sweeps.

<p>Summary of shared selective sweeps.</p

Rock-Climbing in the Region of the Bohemian Paradise in the Second Half of the 20th Century

Rock climbing in the cities of the Bohemian Paradise became widely popular already by the end of the 19th century. Quite specific qualities of the local sandstone attracted domestic as well as foreign climbers right from the beginning. After 1948, many of the regional climbers, whose qualities were undisputable even in the nationwide scale, remained reliant upon climbing merely within the borders of the former Czechoslovakia. Until 1989, majority of them were not allowed to travel abroad and thus they could not prove their skills and qualities worldwide. There was a very limited number of those who could participate in foreign expeditions and thus fulfil their dreams. The rare contact with foreign climbers became a source of new information, new styles and trends in climbing, and an access to new equipment and gear in general. To many domestic climbers, however, such sources remained unattainable, and without them they were often left to develop and produce their equipment by their own, until they were allowed to travel to the West. This paper, with the help of the method of the oral history and qualitative subject analysis, gives a concise picture of the history of rock climbing in the Bohemian Paradise in the context of the constraints set by the communist Czechoslovakia. The chapters trace the..

A Novel Aptasensor Based on Graphene/Graphite Carbon Nitride Nanocomposites for Cadmium Detection with High Selectivity and Sensitivity

Aptamers as new modes of detection have strong affinity and specificity for targets. A novel sensor was developed by constructing a composite system of specific aptamers and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) (GCN) for detecting the cadmium cation. Attributed to the incorporation of rGO and aptamers with designed terminal groups as well as the delicate bonding of aptamers with g-C₃N₄, this electrochemical biosensor exhibited good sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and stability for Cd²⁺ detection. The linear calibration curves range from 1 nM to 1 μM and from 1 μM to 1 mM, and the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 0.337 nM. The practical application of the proposed method was also verified in the real sample