1,421 research outputs found
PT Symmetric, Hermitian and P-Self-Adjoint Operators Related to Potentials in PT Quantum Mechanics
In the recent years a generalization of the
harmonic oscillator using a complex deformation was investigated, where
\epsilon\ is a real parameter. Here, we will consider the most simple case:
\epsilon even and x real. We will give a complete characterization of three
different classes of operators associated with the differential expression H:
The class of all self-adjoint (Hermitian) operators, the class of all PT
symmetric operators and the class of all P-self-adjoint operators.
Surprisingly, some of the PT symmetric operators associated to this expression
have no resolvent set
Supersymmetry on Graphs and Networks
We show that graphs, networks and other related discrete model systems carry
a natural supersymmetric structure, which, apart from its conceptual importance
as to possible physical applications, allows to derive a series of spectral
properties for a class of graph operators which typically encode relevant graph
characteristics.Comment: 11 pages, Latex, no figures, remark 4.1 added, slight alterations in
lemma 5.3, a more detailed discussion at beginning of sect.6 (zero
eigenspace
Evaluation of Aposphaeria amaranthi as a Bioherbicide for Pigweed (Amaranthus Spp.)
Studies were conducted to determine the potential of the fungus, Aposphaeria amaranth!, as a bioherbicide for pigweeds (Amaranthus spp.). Experiments to establish the environmental parameters necessary for control of tumble pigweed (A. albus) demonstrated that an 8-hr dew period was sufficient for control of seedlings with four to six leaves, and that temperatures ranging from 20 to 28 C were conducive for disease development. Conidial concentrations as lowas 1x 10s conidia per ml also were sufficient for plant mortality. Host range tests demonstrated pathogenicity of A. amaranthi to several other species of Amaranthus, including biotypes resistant to triazine herbicides. Disease on redroot pigweed (A. retroflexus) was enhanced by incorporation of surfactants into inoculum suspensions. Field tests conducted in 1990 resulted in 73% control of redroot pigweed and 99% control of tumble pigweed. These results suggest that Aposphaeria amaranthi has potential as a bioherbicide for controlling pigweeds
The Spatial Orientation of Planetary Nebulae Within the Milky Way
We analyze the spatial orientation of a homogenous sample of 440 elongated
Planetary Nebulae (PNe) in order to determine the orientation of their apparent
major axis respect to the Milky Way plane. We present some important
geometrical and statistical considerations that have been overlooked by the
previous works on the subject. The global distribution of galactic position
angles (GPA) of PNe is quantitatively not very different from a random
distribution of orientations in the Galaxy. Nevertheless we find that there is
at least one region on the sky, toward the galactic center, where a weak
correlation may exist between the orientation of the major axis of some PNe and
the Galactic equator, with an excess of axes with GPA.
Therefore, we confirm that ``extrinsic'' phenomena (i.e., global galactic
magnetic fields, shell compression from motion relative to the Interstellar
Medium) do not determine the morphology of PNe on most of the sky, with a
possible exception towards the galactic center.Comment: 37 pages and 8 figures. Accepted for publication in PAS
Photometric and spectroscopic variations of the Be star HD 112999
Be objects are stars of B spectral type showing lines of the Balmer series in
emission. The presence of these lines is attributed to the existence of an
extended envelope, disk type, around them. Some stars are observed in both the
Be and normal B-type spectroscopic states and they are known as transient Be
stars. In this paper we show the analysis carried out on a new possible
transient Be star, labelled HD 112999, using spectroscopic optical observations
and photometric data.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in IBV
Electronic States of Graphene Grain Boundaries
We introduce a model for amorphous grain boundaries in graphene, and find
that stable structures can exist along the boundary that are responsible for
local density of states enhancements both at zero and finite (~0.5 eV)
energies. Such zero energy peaks in particular were identified in STS
measurements [J. \v{C}ervenka, M. I. Katsnelson, and C. F. J. Flipse, Nature
Physics 5, 840 (2009)], but are not present in the simplest pentagon-heptagon
dislocation array model [O. V. Yazyev and S. G. Louie, Physical Review B 81,
195420 (2010)]. We consider the low energy continuum theory of arrays of
dislocations in graphene and show that it predicts localized zero energy
states. Since the continuum theory is based on an idealized lattice scale
physics it is a priori not literally applicable. However, we identify stable
dislocation cores, different from the pentagon-heptagon pairs, that do carry
zero energy states. These might be responsible for the enhanced magnetism seen
experimentally at graphite grain boundaries.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review
On Information Theory, Spectral Geometry and Quantum Gravity
We show that there exists a deep link between the two disciplines of
information theory and spectral geometry. This allows us to obtain new results
on a well known quantum gravity motivated natural ultraviolet cutoff which
describes an upper bound on the spatial density of information. Concretely, we
show that, together with an infrared cutoff, this natural ultraviolet cutoff
beautifully reduces the path integral of quantum field theory on curved space
to a finite number of ordinary integrations. We then show, in particular, that
the subsequent removal of the infrared cutoff is safe.Comment: 4 page
On the Time-Dependent Analysis of Gamow Decay
Gamow's explanation of the exponential decay law uses complex "eigenvalues"
and exponentially growing "eigenfunctions". This raises the question, how
Gamow's description fits into the quantum mechanical description of nature,
which is based on real eigenvalues and square integrable wave functions.
Observing that the time evolution of any wave function is given by its
expansion in generalized eigenfunctions, we shall answer this question in the
most straightforward manner, which at the same time is accessible to graduate
students and specialists. Moreover the presentation can well be used in physics
lectures to students.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures; heuristic argument simplified, different example
discussed, calculation of decay rate adde
Relative Oscillation Theory, Weighted Zeros of the Wronskian, and the Spectral Shift Function
We develop an analog of classical oscillation theory for Sturm-Liouville
operators which, rather than measuring the spectrum of one single operator,
measures the difference between the spectra of two different operators.
This is done by replacing zeros of solutions of one operator by weighted
zeros of Wronskians of solutions of two different operators. In particular, we
show that a Sturm-type comparison theorem still holds in this situation and
demonstrate how this can be used to investigate the finiteness of eigenvalues
in essential spectral gaps. Furthermore, the connection with Krein's spectral
shift function is established.Comment: 26 page
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