Synthesis of A83586C/citropeptin hybrid and synthetic studies toward azinothricin

The Azinothricin family of cyclodepsipeptides are a class of antitumour antibiotics whose antitumour properties are attributed to their ability to selectively repress the expression of genes essential for the progression of the cell cycle from G1 to S phase. They have been shown to inhibit E2F transcription factors, which are critical regulators of mammalian cellular proliferation. This biological observation has made them a potentially important new therapeutic target for the control of proliferative diseases, such as cancer. An asymmetric total synthesis of an A83586C-citropeptin hybrid is presented in this thesis, along with a synthetic route to the azinothricin cyclodepsipeptide. The A83586C- citropeptin hybrid will serve as a useful intracellular probe that will provide valuable insights into the mechanism of the antitumour action of this class, which may contribute to a greater understanding of cancer biology. The cyclodepsipeptide components of these molecules have been assembled via a 2+2+2 -fragment condensation strategy and a HATU-mediated macrolactamisation. In the case of the A83586C-citropeptin hybrid, a chemoselective coupling was performed between the fully elaborated N-hydroxybenzotriazole activated ester and the citropeptin cyclodepsipeptide

第809回千葉医学会例会・第一外科教室談話会 64.

<p>RR, relative risk.</p

Optimal and Efficient Crossover Designs for Test-Control Study When Subject Effects are Random

I study crossover designs based on the criteria of A- and MV- optimality under the model with random subject effects, for the purpose of comparing several test treatments with a standard control treatment. Optimal and efficient designs are proposed, and their efficiencies are also evaluated. A family of totally balanced test-control incomplete crossover designs based on a function of the ratio of the subject effect variance to the error variance are shown to be highly efficient and robust. The results have interesting connections with those in Hedayat and Yang (2005) and Hedayat, Stufken, and Yang (2006). Constructions of efficient designs are also studied

Axial profile calculation from pupil phase

Axial intensity profile calculation from pupil phase of objectiv

Table_1_Humor experience facilitates ongoing cognitive tasks: Evidence from pun comprehension.XLSX

Empirical findings on embodied cognition have shown that bodily states (e.g., bodily postures and affective states) can influence how people appreciate humor. A case in point is that participants were reported to read pleasant sentences faster than the unpleasant controls when their muscles responsible for smiling were activated. However, little research has examined whether the feeling of amusement derived from humor processing like pun comprehension can exert a backward influence on ongoing cognitive tasks. In the present study, the participants’ eye movements were tracked while they rated the comprehensibility of humorous sentences (homophone puns) and two types of unfunny control sentences (congruent and incongruent). Fixation measures showed an advantage in the critical homophone region for the congruent controls relative to the homophone puns; however, this pattern was reversed in terms of total sentence reading time. In addition, the humor rating scores acquired after the eye-tracking experiment were found negatively correlated to the overall sentence reading time, suggesting that the greater amusement the participant experienced the faster they would finish the rating task. Taken together, the current results indicate that the positive affect derived from humor can in turn provide immediate feedback to the cognitive system, which enhances text comprehension. As a result, the current finding provides more empirical evidence for the exploration of the interaction between the body and cognition.</p

Table_1_Contextual Support for Less Salient Homophones and Pun Humor Appreciation: Evidence From Eye Movements in Reading Chinese Homophone Puns.XLSX

Punning is an important means of creating humorous effects by intentionally exploiting semantic ambiguity. Previous psycholinguistic research on puns has mainly focused on the process of meaning retrieval in homograph puns, while it is still not entirely clear how readers dynamically utilize contextual information to understand homophone puns. In the current investigation, 68 native Chinese participants were recruited to read three types of experimental sentences while their eye movements were recorded: (1) the homophone-pun sentences where the less salient homophone was visually presented, (2) the homophone-salient sentences where the salient homophone was used, and (3) the homophone-error sentences where the critical context noun in the homophone puns was replaced with an unrelated word. Humor rating results of the homophone puns and the homophone-salient sentences demonstrated that the less salient homophones rather than the salient ones elicited much larger humor responses when presented visually in the same potential pun context. In addition, the reverse fixation pattern in the homophone area and the spill-over region also suggested that meanings of the salient homophones were more recoverable even when not presented visually. Statistical analyses of the homophone puns and the homophone-error sentences showed that the semantic relatedness between the critical context noun and the less salient homophone could significantly predict the humor rating scores of Chinese readers. Taken together, less salient homophones need to receive more contextual support to balance out the advantages of salient homophones before generating a humorous pun interpretation.</p

Contrastive chart of data volume.

<p>Contrastive chart of data volume.</p

Dependence indices between the result and reason events.

<p>Dependence indices between the result and reason events.</p

Dependence connection strength between R2 and Ci (i = 1, 2, …12).

<p>Dependence connection strength between R2 and Ci (i = 1, 2, …12).</p

Causality reasoning for system fault location.

<p>Causality reasoning for system fault location.</p