Additional file 1: of M1-like tumor-associated macrophages activated by exosome-transferred THBS1 promote malignant migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Heat-map indication of the densitometry values detected using the PathScan Immune Cell Signaling Antibody Array Kit. Colors illustrate fold changes (see color scale). Red: up-regulation; green: down-regulation. (DOCX 276 kb

Additional file 3: of M1-like tumor-associated macrophages activated by exosome-transferred THBS1 promote malignant migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Negative control for tracing exosome uptake by macrophages. Cultured macrophages were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with Acti-stain™ 488-Phalloidin and DAPI. Then, these macrophages were examined under confocal microscope. No red signals were captured in macrophages with an excitation at 460 nm without the incubation of labelled exosomes. (DOCX 240 kb

Additional file 2: of M1-like tumor-associated macrophages activated by exosome-transferred THBS1 promote malignant migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Validation of THBS1 knockdown in SCC25 and Cal27 cells. A. Relative mRNA expression of THBS1 in SCC25 and Cal27 after THBS1 knockdown (Scrambled as control), as determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Data are represented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments, **p < 0.01. B. Relative protein expression of THBS1 in SCC25 and Cal27 after knockdown of THBS1 (Scrambled as control), as determined by Western blotting. Data are represented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments, **p < 0.01. C. Expression level of THBS1 in CM of SCC25 and Cal27 after THBS1 knockdown (Scrambled as control), as determined by ELISA assays, **p < 0.01. D. Expression level of THBS1 in exosome supernatants of SCC25 and Cal27 cells after THBS1 knockdown (Scrambled as control), as determined by ELISA assays, **p < 0.01. (DOCX 199 kb

Additional file 4: of M1-like tumor-associated macrophages activated by exosome-transferred THBS1 promote malignant migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Control images for the Chromogenic double staining with CD80 (pink)/CD68 (brown) in primary OSCC samples. Sections stained for hematoxylin were used as negative control. Sections stained with CD68 were used as single-positive control. (DOCX 557 kb

Antisense oligonucleotides and all-trans retinoic acid have a synergistic anti-tumor effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma-0

Rs in each experimental group is shown at the end of treatment (L = left side, R = right side). Both As-ODN and ATRA treatment resulted in an inhibition of tumor volume and tumor weight as compared to control group. * < 0.01, one-way ANOVA. In addition, highly significant interactions exist between hTR As-ODN and ATRA. * * F = 10.743, = 0.002, two-way ANOVA. The combination of As-ODN and ATRA resulted in a significant enhancement of the reduction in tumor growth when compared with monotherapy of As-ODN or ATRA alone (< 0.01).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Antisense oligonucleotides and all-trans retinoic acid have a synergistic anti-tumor effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/159</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():159-159.</p><p>Published online 3 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2427037.</p><p></p

A systematic evaluation for the potential translation of CD166-related expression as a cancer biomarker

<p><b>Introduction</b>: Many basic studies have provided some evidences for the correlations of CD166 to cancer. However, along with the growing studies on the clinical values of CD166 in cancer areas, some controversial and inconclusive results were obtained.</p> <p><b>Areas covered</b>: An appropriate query and collection of the published articles was conducted through search in PubMed and EMBASE database. A subsequent systematical and quantitative summary of CD166 related expression and cancer was conducted with meta-analysis to clarify its clinical significance for potential translation as cancer biomarkers.</p> <p><b>Expert commentary</b>: The overall results suggested total CD166 correlated to cancer risk, membrane CD166 correlated to nodal metastasis and cytoplasmic CD166 correlated to TNM stage, and disease-free survival. The membrane CD166, cytoplasmic CD166 and soluble CD166 showed great potential to be used as a panel of markers for predicting cancer overall survival. We might conclude that CD166 functions as a risk factor for cancers, and the alterations of its different functional isoforms were observed to correlate with specific or interplayed clinical outcomes.</p

Antisense oligonucleotides and all-trans retinoic acid have a synergistic anti-tumor effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma-1

Control group, (B) S group, (C) As group, (D) ATRA group, (E)S/ATRA group and (F) As/ATRA group. Arrows indicate positive cells. Scale bar = 50 μm. The average Integrated Optical Density (IOD) of each group was performed by a computer-assisted quantitation. (G) IOD data is shown as the mean ± SE (n = 10). The average IODs in As-ODN and ATRA treated groups were significantly increased as compared to S-ODN group and control group. * < 0.01, one-way ANOVA. Significant interaction was observed between As-ODN and ATRA treatment. * * F = 45.918, < 0.01, two-way ANOVA. (H) Electron microscopy showed typical feature of apoptotic cell in As-ODN and ATRA treatment groups. Whereas, no ultrastructural changes were observed in S-ODN group and control group (data not shown).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Antisense oligonucleotides and all-trans retinoic acid have a synergistic anti-tumor effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/159</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():159-159.</p><p>Published online 3 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2427037.</p><p></p

Antisense oligonucleotides and all-trans retinoic acid have a synergistic anti-tumor effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma-4

Rs in each experimental group is shown at the end of treatment (L = left side, R = right side). Both As-ODN and ATRA treatment resulted in an inhibition of tumor volume and tumor weight as compared to control group. * < 0.01, one-way ANOVA. In addition, highly significant interactions exist between hTR As-ODN and ATRA. * * F = 10.743, = 0.002, two-way ANOVA. The combination of As-ODN and ATRA resulted in a significant enhancement of the reduction in tumor growth when compared with monotherapy of As-ODN or ATRA alone (< 0.01).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Antisense oligonucleotides and all-trans retinoic acid have a synergistic anti-tumor effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/159</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():159-159.</p><p>Published online 3 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2427037.</p><p></p

Antisense oligonucleotides and all-trans retinoic acid have a synergistic anti-tumor effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma-3

Asmic staining in (C) As group, (D) ATRA group and (E) S/ATRA group, extremely weak Bcl-2 staining in (F) As/ATRA treated group. (G) Similar moderate Bax cytoplasmic staining of tumor cells in all treatment groups. Representative section of As/ATRA group is shown. Scale bar = 50 μm. Computer-assisted quantitation of immunohistochemical staining was performed. (H) The average IODs of Bcl-2 and Bax were shown as the mean ± SE (n = 10). The average IODs in As-ODN and ATRA treated groups were significantly decreased as compared to S-ODN group and control group. * < 0.01, one-way ANOVA. Significant interaction was observed between As-ODN-hTR and ATRA treatment. * * F = 35.836, < 0.01, two-way ANOVA. There was no significant difference of Bax expression in all treatment groups.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Antisense oligonucleotides and all-trans retinoic acid have a synergistic anti-tumor effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/159</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():159-159.</p><p>Published online 3 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2427037.</p><p></p

Antisense oligonucleotides and all-trans retinoic acid have a synergistic anti-tumor effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma-2

-ODN group and control group compared with other treatment groups. * < 0.01, one-way ANOVA. A significant interaction was observed between As-ODN-hTR and ATRA treatment. * * F = 4.507, = 0.041, two-way ANOVA.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Antisense oligonucleotides and all-trans retinoic acid have a synergistic anti-tumor effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/8/159</p><p>BMC Cancer 2008;8():159-159.</p><p>Published online 3 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2427037.</p><p></p