Indonesia “Active Free” Strategic Culture in Maintaining the “Balance of the Power” on the Southeast Asia Area

The struggle for influence and power between west and east in the Southeast Asea Region needs to understand Indonesia's “Active Free” Strategic Culture as an indicator. Indonesia's neutrality in the regional political stage has been tested in the long history of ASEAN. Free and active strategic culture is a basic adaptive value that Indonesia has in understanding threats, the ability to respond to various interests and agreement not to interfere in the affairs of their respective countries. This study focuses on analyzing the free and active strategic culture in Indonesian defense diplomacy and analyzing how the Ministry of Defense uses the active and free strategic culture in strengthening Indonesia's defense diplomacy in the region of Southeast Asia. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenology approach. The results of the study show that officials at the Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, National Defense Institute, and Indonesia Defence University related to a free and active strategic culture in strengthening Indonesia's defense diplomacy in the Southeast Asian region. The conclusion is that the Free Active strategic culture is still relevant as an instrument to adapt and strengthen Indonesia's defense diplomacy in the Southeast Asia region. Keywords: Strategic Culture, Free Active, Strategic, Diplomacy, ASEAN and Defense Diplomacy DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/81-04 Publication date:March 31st 202

Persepsi Masyarakat Tentang CItra Pemerintah Kota Medan melalui Akun Media Sosial Instagram (Study Deskriptif Kualitatif pada Masyarakat Kota Medan yang Mengikuti Akun Media Sosial Instagram @humas_pemkomedan)

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh adanya akun media sosial Instagram humas_pemkomedan yang memuat citra Pemerintah Kota Medan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat tentang citra Pemerintah Kota Medan melalui akun media sosial Instagram. Teori yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini antara lain adalah uraian teoritis tentang komunikasi, persepsi, masyarakat, citra, media sosial, Instagram. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pemilihan informan di sini adalah masyarakat Kota Medan yang mengikuti akun media sosial Instagram humas_pemkomedan dan informan di penelitian ini mengikuti prinsip kejenuhan dimana jika data yang dibutuhkan masih kurang akan dilakukan penambahan informan untuk mendapatkan informasi baru hingga data yang didapatkan mencapai titik jenuh artinya bahwa bila jawaban dari narasumber sudah sama, maka pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dihentikan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara semi struktur kepada semua informan, dan hasil dari penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa dimana persepsi mengenai citranya diuraikan menjadi 2 aspek yang pertama melalui profil Instagram dan yang kedua adalah isi Instagram humas_pemkomedan yang terdiri dari 6 kategori unggahan yaitu sebagai berikut: Kegiatan Pemerintah Kota Medan, berita laporan hasil kerja, informasi dan himbauan, ucapan selamat, video, tokoh, maka Persepsi Masyarakat Tentang Citra Pemerintah Kota Medan Melalui Akun Media Sosial Instagram adalah cenderung positif.This research is based on the social media account of Instagram humas_pemkomedan which contains the image of Medan City Government. The purpose of this study to determine the public perception about the image of Medan City Government through social media accounts Instagram. Theories used in this study include the theoretical description of communication, perception, society, image, social media, Instagram. The research method used is qualitative descriptive method. Selection of informants here is the people of Medan City who follow social media accounts Instagram humas_pemkomedan and informants in this study following the principle of saturation where if the data needed is still less will be done addition of informants to get new information until the data obtained reach saturation point that if from the source is the same, then the data collection through the interview is stopped. Data collection techniques were conducted by semi-structured interviews to all informants, and the results of this study showed that where the perception of the image is described into the first two aspects through Instagram profile and the second is the content of Instagram humas_pemkomedan consisting of 6 categories of uploads are as follows: The activities of Medan city administration, news reports on work, information and appeal, congratulations, videos, figures, then Public Perceptions About Government Image Medan City Through Social Media Account Instagram is tend to be positive

PENGEMBANGAN TRAINER AIR CONDITIONING UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN SISWA KELAS XI TEKNIK PENDINGINAN DAN TATA UDARA SMK NEGERI 1 PERCUT SEI TUAN

Pada metode pembelajaran masih memakai metode pembelajaran ceramah karena kurangnya media pembelajaran pada konsentrasi keahlian TPTU. Tidak ada media pembelajaran sebagai penunjang pembelajaran. Trainer di sekolah masih sangat biasa yaitu komponen yang ada pada trainer masih kurang lengkap untuk digunakan dalam praktik. Serta kurangnya perangkat pembelajaran seperti jobsheet.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode R&D, merujuk pada model ADDIE yang diadaptasi oleh Branch (2009). Ada lima tahap: analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memahami proses pengambangan trainer Air Conditioning (AC) dan menilai kelayakan trainer tersebut melalui uji ahli media dan ahli materiSetelah diuji kelayakannya, menurut ahli media nilai rerata 82,6 dari nilai maksimal 84, terkategori sebagai "Sangat Layak" dengan persentase 98,3%. menurut ahli materi skor rerata 76 dari skor maksimal 80, maka dikategorikan "Sangat Layak" dengan persentase 95%. Respons siswa kelas XI TPTU terhadap produk juga menghasilkan nilai rerata 78,4 dari nilai maksimal 80, dengan kategori "Sangat Layak" dan persentase 98%. Respons positif pengguna terhadap media pembelajaran trainer Air Conditioning (AC) menunjukkan potensinya sebagai alternatif yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh guru selama proses pengajaran

APLIKASI KEJIWAAN BERWIRAUSAHA ANAK USIA PRODUKTIF SEBAGAI INDIKATOR TECHNOPRENEURSHIP

ABSTRACT Based on the existing facts, entrepreneurship education in Indonesia is still not getting enough attention, both by the world of education and society. Many educators pay less attention to the development of character and entrepreneurial behavior of students, both in vocational schools and in professional education. Their orientation, in general, is only on preparing workers. It is necessary to find a solution, how education can play a role in transforming humans into humans who have entrepreneurial character and / or behavior. To achieve this, what provisions need to be given to students so that they have a strong entrepreneurial character and / or behavior, so that later they will be able to become human beings who if they work in an office will become an independent workforce and if they don't work in the office they will become human who is able to create minimal employment opportunities for himself. Keywords: Entrepreneur, Character, Behavio

Perbandingan Efektivitas antara Gabapentin 600 mg dan Gabapentin 900 mg Kombinasi dengan Ketorolak 30 mg/8 Jam sebagai Analgesia Pascabedah pada Total Abdominal Histerektomi dengan Anestesi Umum

Gabapentin berkembang untuk penanganan nyeri akut pascabedah. Tujuan penelitian adalah menilai efektivitas gabapentin 600 mg dan 900 mg per oral kombinasi ketorolak 30 mg/8 jam intravena sebagai analgesia pascabedah pada total abdominal histerektomi dengan anestesi umum. Penelitian uji klinis acak tersamar ganda dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat H. Adam Malik Medan, RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Kota Medan, RS. Haji Medan, dan RS. Putri Hijau selama bulan Oktober 2015–Januari 2016. Terdapat 30 subjek penelitian, usia 18–60 tahun, status fisik American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I–II yang menjalani operasi total abdominal histerektomi dengan anestesi umum. Subjek dibagi menjadi 3, yaitu kelompok A mendapat plasebo, kelompok B mendapat gabapentin 600 mg, dan kelompok C mendapat gabapentin 900 mg kombinasi ketorolak 30 mg/8 jam. Uji Kruskal Wallis digunakan untuk menilai efektivitas skor visual analogue scale (VAS) pascabedah serta uji chi-kuadrat untuk menilai kebutuhan rescue analgetia petidin selama 24 jam pascabedah. Pada perbandingan nilai VAS antara gabapentin 600 mg dan gabapentin 900 mg kombinasi dengan ketorolak 30 mg/8 jam tidak ditemukan perbedaan nilai yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok studi (p>0,05). Simpulan, efek gabapentin 600 mg dengan gabapentin 900 mg kombinasi ketorolak 30 mg/8 jam sebagai analgesia pascabedah tidak berbeda efektivitasnya dalam mengurangi nilai VAS dan kebutuhan rescue analgetia petidin selama 24 jam pascabedah.Kata kunci: Gabapentin, kebutuhan rescue analgetia, visual analogue scaleEffectiveness of Gabapentin 600 mg and 900 mg Combined Ketorolak as Postoperative Analgesics for Hysterectomy under General AnesthesiaAbstractGabapentin is developed recently to manage postoperative acute pain. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of 600 mg and 900 mg oral gabapentin combined with 30 mg/8 hours intravenous ketorolak as the postoperative analgesics for total abdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesiaon visual analogue scale (VAS) and the need of pethidin in 24 hours postoperatively. A double blind controlled trial was performed to 30 subjects in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan, Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan,Haji Hospital Medan,and Putri Hijau Hospital Medan. The study was performed during the period of October 2015 to January 2016. Patients were 18 to 60 years old with PS-ASA I–II who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesia. Subjects were divided into 3 groups.: Group A who received placebo, group B who received 600 mg of gabapentin, and group C who received 900 mg of gabapentin combined with 30 mg/8 hours ketorolak. The efficacy was assessed with post operative visual analogue scale (VAS) using Kruskal Wallis test, and the need for rescue analgesics pethidin in 24 hours postoperatively using chi-square test. The VAS scores of the group that received600 mg gabapentin and the group that received 900 mg gabapentin combined with 30 mg/hour ketorolak were not significantly different (p>0.05). In conclusion, the effects of 600 mg gabapentin and 900 mg gabapentin combined with 30 mg/8 hours ketorolak as the postoperative analgesics for total abdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesia are not different in terms of decreasing VAS score and the need for rescue analgesia pethidine in 24 hours postoperativelyKey words: Gabapentin, the need of analgesia rescue, visual analogue score DOI: 10.15851/jap.v4n3.89

Perbandingan Efektivitas antara Gabapentin 600 mg dan Gabapentin 900 mg Kombinasi dengan Ketorolak 30 mg/8 Jam sebagai Analgesia Pascabedah pada Total Abdominal Histerektomi dengan Anestesi Umum

Gabapentin berkembang untuk penanganan nyeri akut pascabedah. Tujuan penelitian adalah menilai efektivitas gabapentin 600 mg dan 900 mg per oral kombinasi ketorolak 30 mg/8 jam intravena sebagai analgesia pascabedah pada total abdominal histerektomi dengan anestesi umum. Penelitian uji klinis acak tersamar ganda dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat H. Adam Malik Medan, RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Kota Medan, RS. Haji Medan, dan RS. Putri Hijau selama bulan Oktober 2015–Januari 2016. Terdapat 30 subjek penelitian, usia 18–60 tahun, status fisik American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I–II yang menjalani operasi total abdominal histerektomi dengan anestesi umum. Subjek dibagi menjadi 3, yaitu kelompok A mendapat plasebo, kelompok B mendapat gabapentin 600 mg, dan kelompok C mendapat gabapentin 900 mg kombinasi ketorolak 30 mg/8 jam. Uji Kruskal Wallis digunakan untuk menilai efektivitas skor visual analogue scale (VAS) pascabedah serta uji chi-kuadrat untuk menilai kebutuhan rescue analgetia petidin selama 24 jam pascabedah. Pada perbandingan nilai VAS antara gabapentin 600 mg dan gabapentin 900 mg kombinasi dengan ketorolak 30 mg/8 jam tidak ditemukan perbedaan nilai yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok studi (p>0,05). Simpulan, efek gabapentin 600 mg dengan gabapentin 900 mg kombinasi ketorolak 30 mg/8 jam sebagai analgesia pascabedah tidak berbeda efektivitasnya dalam mengurangi nilai VAS dan kebutuhan rescue analgetia petidin selama 24 jam pascabedah.Kata kunci: Gabapentin, kebutuhan rescue analgetia, visual analogue scaleEffectiveness of Gabapentin 600 mg and 900 mg Combined Ketorolak as Postoperative Analgesics for Hysterectomy under General AnesthesiaAbstractGabapentin is developed recently to manage postoperative acute pain. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of 600 mg and 900 mg oral gabapentin combined with 30 mg/8 hours intravenous ketorolak as the postoperative analgesics for total abdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesiaon visual analogue scale (VAS) and the need of pethidin in 24 hours postoperatively. A double blind controlled trial was performed to 30 subjects in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan, Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan,Haji Hospital Medan,and Putri Hijau Hospital Medan. The study was performed during the period of October 2015 to January 2016. Patients were 18 to 60 years old with PS-ASA I–II who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesia. Subjects were divided into 3 groups.: Group A who received placebo, group B who received 600 mg of gabapentin, and group C who received 900 mg of gabapentin combined with 30 mg/8 hours ketorolak. The efficacy was assessed with post operative visual analogue scale (VAS) using Kruskal Wallis test, and the need for rescue analgesics pethidin in 24 hours postoperatively using chi-square test. The VAS scores of the group that received600 mg gabapentin and the group that received 900 mg gabapentin combined with 30 mg/hour ketorolak were not significantly different (p>0.05). In conclusion, the effects of 600 mg gabapentin and 900 mg gabapentin combined with 30 mg/8 hours ketorolak as the postoperative analgesics for total abdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesia are not different in terms of decreasing VAS score and the need for rescue analgesia pethidine in 24 hours postoperativelyKey words: Gabapentin, the need of analgesia rescue, visual analogue score DOI: 10.15851/jap.v4n3.89

THE EFFECT OF ADDING TEMPE FLOUR AND TIME OF PROLONG BOILING ON THE QUALITY OF THE OYSTER MUSHROOM SAUSAG ( PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS)

The research on the effect of adding tempe flour and time of prolong boiling on the quality of the oyster mushroom sausage ( pleurotus ostreatus) with Design Random Complete Method with two (2) replications. Factor I is the concentration of tempe flour that is: K1=5%, K2=10%, K3=15%, K4=20%. Factor II is long boiling (L) consisting of four levels, that is: L1 = 15 minute, L2 = 20 minute, L3 = 25 minute, dan L4 = 30 minute. The parameters observed: protein, water content, texture, organoleptic aroma and flavor. The statistical analysis was obtained, that Consentration tempe flour providing highly significant effect (P<0.01) to protein, water content, texture, organoleptic aroma  and flavor. The long boiling  providing highly significant effect (P<0.01)     to water content, texture,organoleptic aroma, and flavor and had no significant effect (P>0.05)   to protein.Keyword: Sausage, Oyster Mushroom, Tempe Flour, Time of Prolong Boilin

PENGARUH KOTORAN AYAM DAN DEDAK PADI DENGAN PERSENTASE YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTAMBAHAN POPULASI CACING TANAH (Lumbricus rubellus)

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan 12 Febuari – 28 Maret 2022, bertempat di Labolatorium Basah Universitas Dharmawangsa Medan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kotoran ayam dan dedak padi dengan persentase yang berbeda terhadap pertambahan populasi cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus). Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan  tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang di jadikan penelitian yaitu : P1: menggunakan 100% tanah sebagai kontrol, P2: menggunakan tanah 50% + kotoran ayam 50%, P3: mengunakan tanah 50% + dedak padi 50%, P4: menggunakan tanah 65% kotoran ayam 25% + dedak padi 10% dengan jumlah cacing tanah sebanyak 40 ekor/wadah. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pertambahan populasi cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) terhadpat pengaruh kotoran ayam dan dedak padi dengan presentasi yang berbeda yang dilaksanakan selama 42 hari yang terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan P3 yaitu dengan rata-rata kokon 26,67 butir, juvenil 29,33 ekor dan immature 9,67 ekor, kemudian yang terbnyak kedua yaitu pada perlakuan P1 yaitu dengan rata-rata kokon 19,33 butir, juvenil 21,33 ekor dan immature 5,67 ekor, dan yang paling sedikit yaitu tidak ada pertambahan populasi pada perlakukan P2 dan P4 karena induk hanya mampu bertahan hidup pada media selama 10 hari tanpa mengasilkan kokon

PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM MENJATUHKAN PUTUSAN TERHADAP ANAK KORBAN PERKOSAAN YANG MELAKUKAN ABORSI (Studi Perbandingan Putusan Nomor 6/Pid.Sus- Anak/2018/PT.JMB dan Putusan Nomor 5/Pid.Sus- Anak/2018/PN.Mbn)

Mhd Wahyu Prawira Hrp, Abdul Madjid, Ardi FerdianFakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya Jl. MT Haryono No. 169 Malange-mail: [email protected] ABSTRAK Putusan Perkara Nomor 5/Pid.Sus-Anak/2018/PN.Mbn dan Putusan Perkara Nomor 6/Pid.Sus-Anak/2018/PT.Jmb terdapat kasus posisi bahwa anak telah mengalami pemerkosaan yang mengakibatkan kehamilan pada anak yang memiliki vonis berbeda. Pada Pengadilan Negeri, hakim menjatuhkan putusan vonis 6 bulan penjara, sedangkan pada Pengadilan Tinggi, hakim membebaskan anak yang menjadi korban perkosaan. Sehingga penulis tertarik untuk meneliti mengenai perbandingan putusan tersebut dengan jenis metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Dari penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa pada putusan Pengadilan Negeri, pertimbangan hakim dapat dibenarkan karena telah melaksanakan pertimbangan yang objektif, dimana hakim menggunakan dasar pertimbangan pada ketentuan Pasal 75 UU Kesehatan. Bahwasanya pada ketentuan tersebut, pembenaran mengenai tindak pidana aborsi hanya dapat dilakukan oleh dokter atau ahli medis lainnya yang diakui serta telah melakukan bimbingan konseling, sedangkan anak korban tidak melakukan tindakan tersebut dan melakukan tindakan aborsi sendiri dengan ibu kandungnya. Berbeda halnya dengan pertimbangan hakim pada Pengadilan Tinggi Jambi yang menggunakan dasar pertimbangan dari asas kepentingan terbaik bagi anak yang menimbulkan sebuah putusan baru, dimana anak dibebaskan pada orantua kandungnya, tentu hal tersebut juga telah mencederai hukum, dimana ketentuan dalam UU Kesehatan tidak diberlakukan, hakim juga tidak melakukan pertimbangan objektif. Kata Kunci: Tindak Pidana Aborsi, Pemerkosaan Anak, Pertimbangan Hakim   ABSTRACT Court Decision Number 5/Pid.Sus-Anak/2018/PN.Mbn and Decision Number 6/Pid.Sus-Anak/2018/PT.Jmb delivered different verdicts over the case of a raped child that has to bear pregnancy. The judge of the District Court sentenced the victim to six-month imprisonment contrary to the court decision delivered by High Court that released the rape victim. This research, departing from this issue, is intended to observe these dissenting court decisions with normative-juridical methods. The research has revealed that the Decision of the District Court is deemed acceptable recalling that the judge referred to Article 75 of Law concerning Health, implying that, in this case, the abortion was performed by a medical professional preceded by a counseling, contrary to what took place in the abortion practice where the child concerned performed an abortion on her own with the help of her biological mother. The dissenting court decision of the High Court of Jambi, however, set the child free from all charges and sent her to her biological mother by referring to the principle of the interest of the child. This seems to have violated the law since it does not set forth such a provision in terms of the condition where the judge failed to demonstrate objective consideration. Keywords: criminal abortion, child rape, judge’s consideratio

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM OPTIMALISASI CARA UNTUK MANDIRI PANGAN (OCU MAPAN) DI KELURAHAN LANGGINI KECAMATAN BANGKINANG KOTA

Kampar Regency is one of the regions in Indonesia that has a large potential for food production. Langgini Village located in Kampar Regency has the potential of an unused yard. in food independence and the lack of community food needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of how to optimize the food independent program in Kampar district and the inhibiting factors for optimizing the program for food independence in Kampar district. This research method uses a qualitative method with a descriptive pen, as well as collecting data obtained through observation, interviews and documentation, then analyzed based on the problems found in the study. The findings of this study indicate that the program for optimizing ways to be self-sufficient in food is currently running well, but there are inhibiting factors, namely human resources (HR), limited funds and the COVID-19 pandemic