48 research outputs found
Animals naturally infected with SBV (n = 15) show pore-associated axonal damage and demyelination. Astrogliosis and deposition of hemosiderin and calcium is also shown.
<p><b>A)</b> Bielschowsky’s silver impregnation indicating axonal loss within a pore in the temporal lobe (black asterisks). The remaining white matter surrounding the pore shows a light brown staining of Bielschowsky’s silver impregnation indicating further axonal loss. In contrast, the non-affected white matter with normal axonal density is characterized by a dark brown staining (white asterisk) within the same tissue section (animal no 14; bar, 5000 µm). <b>B)</b> Pore associated demyelination (black asterisk) as shown by myelin basic protein immunohistochemistry in the temporal lobe of a neonatal sheep. The degree of severity of myelin loss varied from mild (arrow), moderate (closed circle) to severe (triangular). Note region of intact myelin basic protein expression consists of a dark brown immunoreaction (arrow head; animal no 5, bar, 1000 µm). <b>C)</b> Prominent immunoreactive processes of astrocytes are found especially in association with the vessel walls (GFAP staining, animal no 14; bar, 20 µm). <b>D)</b> Deposition of von Kossa positive, extracellular, coarsely granular material (mineralization), presumably due to tissue loss and necrosis (sheep lamb, animal no 12; bar, 20 µm). <b>E)</b> Deposition of Prussian blue, extracellular, coarsely granular material (iron) next to a pore, interpreted as hemosiderin is presumably a sequel of old hemorrhages (arrows; animal no 4; bar, 20 µm). <b>F)</b> Summarized presentation of axonal damage, demyelination, astrogliosis, mineralization and hemosiderosis. Axonal and myelin loss were present only in close proximity to por- or hydranencephaly, whereas mineralization, hemosiderosis and astrogliosis were found in brain regions exhibiting malformations or inflammation. Individual numbers within depicted cell types indicate the percentages of affected animals in the respective region of the brain.</p
Histopathology and distribution pattern of inflammation in naturally with SBV-infected neonatal ruminants (n = 15) of the central nervous system (HE-staining).
<p><b>A)</b> Spinal cord of a sheep displaying mild, multifocal lymphohistiocytic infiltrates in meninges, perivascular spaces and the parenchyma of gray and white matter (animal no 4; C = central canal; F = fissura mediana ventralis; bar, 1000 µm). <b>B)</b> Moderate perivascular infiltrates characterized by lymphocytes and macrophages in the brain of a SBV-infected sheep (animal no 10; bar, 20 µm). <b>C)</b> Coronal section of a brain showing the mesencephalon, hippocampus, lateral ventricle as well as parietal and temporal lobes. The temporal lobe of this sheep lamb displays a porencephaly with complete loss of the white matter in the center (asterisk; animal no 5; M = mesencephalon; bar, 5000 µm). <b>D)</b> Topographic map of a coronal brain section displaying parietal, temporal lobes, mesencephalon and hippocampus summarizing the percentages of histologic findings in all investigated animals with respected to specific brain regions. <b>E)</b> Percentages of brain regions displaying inflammatory changes in ruminants with SBV infection. <b>F)</b> Occurrence of CNS malformations in SBV-infected animals associated with (n = 15) and without inflammation (n = 72). Percentages of animals displaying cerebellar hypoplasia (CH), porencephaly (P), hydranencephaly (H), hydrocephalus internus (HI) and no malformations (none) are given. Absolute numbers of affected animals are given on top of the bar. Note, that one animal exhibited more than one malformation.</p
Antibodies and conditions applied for immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded brain tissue.
<p>− = no pre-treatment; MBP = myelin basic protein; PLP = proteolipid protein; GFAP = glial fibrillary acidic protein; SBV = Schmallenberg virus.</p
Immunophenotyping of immune cells, detection of virus protein and distribution of immune cells and virus protein in the brain of SBV-infected ruminants (n = 15).
<p><b>A)</b> Detection of CD3-positive T cells in the perivascular space and adjacent tissue of a goat kid (animal no 1; asterisks = vessel lumen; bar, 20 µm). <b>B)</b> CD79α-positive B cells are located diffusely in the brain parenchyma and around vessels (asterisks) in a sheep lamb (animal no 11; bar, 20µm). <b>C)</b> SBV-infection caused in some animals pore-associated Gitter cell infiltration. These cells showed prominent CD68-expression (sheep lamb no 4; bar, 20 µm). <b>D)</b> SBV protein was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm and processes of neurons (goat kid, animal no 1; bar, 20 µm). <b>E)</b> Distribution and percentage of affected brain regions using immunophenotyping of inflammatory cells with special emphasis upon T cells (CD3), B cells (CD79α) and microglia/macrophages (CD68) as well as SBV antigen distribution. Individual numbers within depicted cell types indicate the percentages of animals displaying the specific cell types in the respective brain regions. <b>A–E)</b> Visualization: ABC-method (VECTASTAIN® Elite ABC Kit, Vector Laboratories) with 3, 3′-diaminobezidine-tetrahydrochloride (DAB) as chromogen. <b>F)</b> Occurrence of SBV-antigen in the CNS of 82 naturally infected neonatal ruminants with (n = 15, 14 positive animals, 93.3%) and without inflammation (n = 67, 22 positive animmals, 32.8%). Percentages of animals showing virus protein in the hippocampus (Hippo), mesencephalon (Mes), temporal lobe (Temporal) and parietal lobe (Parietal) are displayed. Absolute numbers of affected animals are given on top of the bar. Note, that one animal may exhibit more than one SBV antigen positive region in the CNS.</p
Pleural and vascular tumors in wild felids.
<p>A) Pleura costalis, tiger, 19 years, male (animal no 25). Mesothelioma of the diaphragmatic pleura characterized by numerous elevated grayish-red confluent nodules. B) Pleura, cheetah, 10 years, male (animal no 1). Epithelial component of a mesothelioma displaying a papillary growth pattern. H&E-staining. C) Kidney, cougar, 18 years, female (animal no 4). A hemangiosarcoma characterized by a large blood filled cavity (asterisk). H&E-staining.</p
Renal lesions in wild felids A) Kidney, tiger, 19 years, male (animal no. 27).
<p>Chronic interstitial nephritis with an irregular surface of the kidney. B) Kidney, cougar, 18 years, female (animal no. 4). Membranous glomerulonephritis with moderate to severe thickening of Bowman’s capsule. Interstitial infiltrations consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells and fewer macrophages. H&E-staining. C) Kidney, lion, 6 years, female (animal no. 18). Moderate diffuse interstitial fibrosis. Azan staining. D) Kidney, cougar, 18 years, female (animal no. 4). Membranous glomerulonephritis and a moderate, diffuse thickening of Bowman’s capsule are present. Periodic Acid-Schiff reaction. E) Kidney, tiger, 1 year, female (animal no. 33). Tubular basement membranes displaying severe diffuse depositions of basophilic, plaque-like extracellular material (mineralization). H&E-staining.</p
Pathologic features of large felid leukoencephalomyelopathy.
<p>A) Cerebrum, tiger, 22 years, female (animal no 29). Large felid leukoencephalomyelopathy characterized by bilateral dilatation of the lateral ventricles (asterisks) and malacic foci within the white matter (arrows). B) Cerebrum, white matter, tiger, 22 years, female (animal no 29). Gemistocytic astrocyte with prominent cytoplasmic processes and abundant homogenous eosinophilic cytoplasm. C) Cerebrum, white matter, tiger, 22 years (animal no 29), female. Gemistocytic astrocyte with a cytoplasmic positive GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein)-reaction. GFAP, immunohistochemistry, ABC, DAB-method.</p
Prevalence of different tumors in 38 captive wild felids.
<p>Prevalence of different tumors in 38 captive wild felids.</p
Animals used in this study.
<p>- = negative; + = positive; DJD = degenerative joint disease; F = female; FeLV = feline leukemia virus; FIV = feline immunodeficiency virus; GN = glomerulonephritis; IN = interstitial nephritis; M = male; n = neutered; n.d. = not determined; TD = tubular degeneration; Urea = urea concentration in fluid of anterior eye chamber (reference range < 50 mg/dl). * = urea nitrogen content was evaluated, but the value was excluded from the study due to an interval longer than 48 hours between death and necropsy.</p><p><sup>a</sup>Catarrhal enteritis resembling parvovirus infection morphologically (crypt dilation with accumulation of cellular debris, villous fusion and atrophy, and crypt regeneration).</p><p><sup>b</sup>Bone marrow, lymph node, spleen, pituitary gland.</p><p><sup>c</sup>Enteritis due to infection with <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> and <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> type A as detected by microbial investigation.</p><p>Animals used in this study.</p
Degenerative and inflammatory kidney lesions in 38 non-domestic felids.
<p>GN = glomerulonephritis. Lesions listed were present in several animals simultaneously.</p><p>Degenerative and inflammatory kidney lesions in 38 non-domestic felids.</p