The N2 and P3 activation in each experimental condition.

<p>N2 amplitude in the SSHSS condition > the HHHHH condition and the SSHSS condition > the XXHXX condition. P3 amplitude in the HHSHH condition > the SSSSS condition.</p

The stimulus samples (Due to the privacy rights, would the reader please note that the present pictures were not the stimuli used in the experiment The model in the sample pictures agreed to publish his pictures in the journal and his agreement file had been sent to the Journal Office of PLOS ONE.)

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069683#pone-0069683-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2A</a> showed the stimulus sample for HHHHH, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069683#pone-0069683-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2B</a> for SSHSS, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069683#pone-0069683-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2C</a> for NNHNN, and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069683#pone-0069683-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2D</a> for XXHXX.</p

ERPs elicited by the standard and deviant stimuli in the happy and fearful oddball conditions.

<p>The left occipito-temporal waveform was the average neural activation at electrodes TP7, P7, PO7, CB1, and O1. The right occipito-temporal waveform was obtained from the average of TP8, P8, PO8, CB2, and O2.</p

Means and standard deviations of vMMN amplitudes (μV) in each expression condition.

<p>Means and standard deviations of vMMN amplitudes (μV) in each expression condition.</p

The topographic maps of vMMN components in both happy and fearful conditions during the time windows of 50–130 ms and 320–450 ms.

<p>The topographic maps of vMMN components in both happy and fearful conditions during the time windows of 50–130 ms and 320–450 ms.</p

vMMN componentsin the fearful (Fig 3A) and happy oddball (Fig 3B) conditions.

<p>The vMMNs in the deviant fearful minus standard fearful condition, and the left frontal waveform was the average neural activation at electrodes of F1, F3, and F5. The right frontal waveform was obtained from F2, F4, and F6. The left occipito-temporal waveform was from TP7, P7, PO7, CB1, and O1. The right occipito-temporal waveform was from TP8, P8, PO8, CB2, and O2.</p

Participants’ means and standard deviations of IQ scores and SES characteristics.

<p>Participants’ means and standard deviations of IQ scores and SES characteristics.</p

Conformation- and Coordination Mode-Dependent Stimuli-Responsive Salicylaldehyde Hydrazone Zn(II) Complexes

Luminescent Zn(II) complexes that respond to external stimuli are of wide interest due to their potential applications. Schiff base with O,N,O-hydrazone shows excellent luminescence properties with multi-coordination sites for different coordination modes. In this work, three salicylaldehyde hydrazone Zn(II) complexes (1, 2a, 2b) were synthesized and their stimuli-responsive behaviors in different states were explored. Only complex 1 exhibits reversible and self-recoverable photochromic and photoluminescence properties in solution. This may be due to the configuration eversion and the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. In the solid state, 2a has obvious mechanochromic luminescence property, which is caused by the destruction of intermolecular interactions and the transformation from crystalline state to amorphous state. 2a and 2b have delayed fluorescence properties due to effective halogen bond interactions in structures. 2a could undergo crystal-phase transformation into its polymorphous 2b by force/vapor stimulation. Interestingly, 2b shows photochromic property, which can be attributed to the electron transfer and generation of radicals induced by UV irradiation. Due to different conformations and coordination modes, the three Zn(II) complexes show different stimuli-responsive properties. This work presents the multi-stimuli-responsive behaviors of salicylaldehyde hydrazone Zn(II) complexes in different states and discusses the response mechanism in detail, which may provide new insights into the design of multi-stimuli-responsive materials

Solvent-Modulated Self-Assembly of Naphthalenediimide-Based Cd(II) Complexes and the Controllable Photochromism via Conformational Isomerization

Rational regulation of the properties of photochromic materials is a challenging and meaningful work. In the present work, NDI-based complexes, namely, [Cd0.5(NDI)(HBDC)]·H2O (1) and a series of conformational isomers of {[Cd(NDI)0.5(BDC)]·MeCN}n (2), were synthesized by varying the solvent conditions (H2BDC = terephthalic acid, NDI = N,N′-bis(3-pyridylcarbonylhydrazine)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide). Complex 1 exhibits a 0D mononuclear structure without photochromic behavior due to the bad conjugation of the naphthalene diimide moiety. The conformational isomers of complex 2 manifest a 3D network, showing ultra-fast photo-induced intermolecular electron transfer photochromic behavior under X-ray, UV, and visible light. However, they show different photochromic rates and coloring contrast upon photoirradiation, which originates from their difference in the distances of lone pair(COO)···π(NDI). This was realized via controlling the solvent ratio in the reaction system. In addition, compared to UV/X-ray light, 2 exhibits greater sensitivity to visible light and is an organic–inorganic hybrid material with photomodulated luminescence. Based on the excellent performance, complex 2 can be applied to filter paper, showing potential applications as an inkless printing medium and selective perception of ammonia and amine vapors in the solid state via different visual color changes

Reconstructing Space- and Energy-Dependent Exciton Generation in Solution-Processed Inverted Organic Solar Cells

Photon absorption-induced exciton generation plays an important role in determining the photovoltaic properties of donor/acceptor organic solar cells with an inverted architecture. However, the reconstruction of light harvesting and thus exciton generation at different locations within organic inverted device are still not well resolved. Here, we investigate the film depth-dependent light absorption spectra in a small molecule donor/acceptor film. Including depth-dependent spectra into an optical transfer matrix method allows us to reconstruct both film depth- and energy-dependent exciton generation profiles, using which short-circuit current and external quantum efficiency of the inverted device are simulated and compared with the experimental measurements. The film depth-dependent spectroscopy, from which we are able to simultaneously reconstruct light harvesting profile, depth-dependent composition distribution, and vertical energy level variations, provides insights into photovoltaic process. In combination with appropriate material processing methods and device architecture, the method proposed in this work will help optimizing film depth-dependent optical/electronic properties for high-performance solar cells