Coupled effects of local movement and global interaction on contagion

By incorporating segregated spatial domain and individual-based linkage into the SIS (susceptible-infected-susceptible) model, we investigate the coupled effects of random walk and intragroup interaction on contagion. Compared with the situation where only local movement or individual-based linkage exists, the coexistence of them leads to a wider spread of infectious disease. The roles of narrowing segregated spatial domain and reducing mobility in epidemic control are checked, these two measures are found to be conducive to curbing the spread of infectious disease. Considering heterogeneous time scales between local movement and global interaction, a log-log relation between the change in the number of infected individuals and the timescale $\tau$ is found. A theoretical analysis indicates that the evolutionary dynamics in the present model is related to the encounter probability and the encounter time. A functional relation between the epidemic threshold and the ratio of shortcuts, and a functional relation between the encounter time and the timescale $\tau$ are found

Brittle minerals, mechanical properties and fracability evaluation of shales

The brittleness of shales is critical to hydraulic fracturing since rock with high brittle minerals are more likely to fracture and maintain open fractures. Shale rocks have a wide range of constituting components, and different minerals display distinct elastic behavior. The microscale measurements of mechanical properties indicate that pyrite has the highest Young’s modulus, followed by quartz and feldspar. Organic matter was commonly recognized as the soft component, and has very low Young’s modulus. Alkaline minerals show similar Young’s modulus values to quartz and feldspar, and can be grouped into brittle minerals. The relative content, source and structure of brittle minerals can affect rock brittleness from multiple scales. Understanding the relationship between mineral compositions and geomechanical properties is beneficial for fracability estimation in engineering applications for shales.Document Type: PerspectiveCited as: Xu, S., Wen, J., Liu, K., Shi, X., Dong, T. Brittle minerals, mechanical properties and fracability evaluation of shales. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2024, 14(1): 8-11. https://doi.org/10.46690/ager.2024.10.0

Hexaaqua­nickel(II) 4,4′-(1,2-dihy­droxy­ethane-1,2-di­yl)dibenzoate monohydrate

In the title compound, [Ni(H2O)6](C16H12O6)·H2O, the NiII cation is located on a mirror plane and is coordinated by six water mol­ecules, two of which are also located on the mirror plane, in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The 4,4′-(1,2-dihy­droxy­ethane-1,2-di­yl)dibenzoate anion is centrosymmetric with the mid-point of the central ethane C—C bond located on an inversion center. The uncoordinated water mol­ecule is located on a mirror plane. Extensive O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure

Poly[[hemi-μ4-oxalato-hemi-μ2-oxalato-bis­(μ3-pyrazine-2-carboxyl­ato)neodymium(III)silver(I)] monohydrate]

In the title coordination polymer, {[AgNd(C5H3N2O2)2(C2O4)]·H2O}n, the NdIII atom is coordinated in a distorted monocapped square-anti­prismatic geometry by two O and two N atoms of two N,O-bidentate pyrazine-2-carboxyl­ate (2-pzc) ligands, four O atoms of two bidentate oxalate ligands, and one O atom of a monodentate carboxyl­ate group of a 2-pzc ligand. The AgI ion is coordinated in a distorted tetra­hedral geometry by two N atoms from two monodentate 2-pzc ligands, one O atom from one monodentate oxalate ligand and one O atom of a bridging carboxyl­ate group of a 2-pzc ligand. The oxalate anions link neighbouring neodymium(III) metal centres into Nd–oxalate chains, which are inter­connected by Ag(2-pyz)2 units, forming a three-dimensional polymeric framework. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed in the crystal structure

The complete mitochondrial genome of \u3ci\u3eEulaelaps huzhuensis\u3c/i\u3e (Mesostigmata: Haemogamasidae)

Some mites of the family Haemogamasidae can transmit a variety of zoonotic diseases and have important public health and safety implications. Currently, however, little attention has been paid to molecular data of Haemogamasidae species, limiting our understanding of their evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Eulaelaps huzhuensis was determined for the first time, and its genomic information was analyzed in detail. The mitochondrial genome of E. huzhuensis is 14,872 bp in length with 37 genes and two control regions. The base composition showed a distinct AT preference. Twelve protein-coding genes have a typical ATN as the start codon, and three protein-coding genes have incomplete stop codons. During the folding of tRNA genes, a total of 30 mismatches occurred, and three tRNA genes had an atypical cloverleaf secondary structure. The order of the E. huzhuensis mitochondrial genome arrangement is a new type of rearrangement in Mesostigmata. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the family Haemogamasidae is a monophyletic branch and does not belong to a subfamily of the Laelapidae. Our results lay the foundation for subsequent studies on the phylogeny and evolutionary history of the family Haemogamasidae