Supplemental material for Chasing Animals With Split Attention: Are Animals Prioritized in Visual Tracking?

Supplemental material for Chasing Animals With Split Attention: Are Animals Prioritized in Visual Tracking? by Thomas Hagen, Thomas Espeseth and Bruno Laeng in i-Perception</p

The visual search task displays with high and low load conditions and congruent and incongruent trials (neutral condition display is not shown).

<p>The visual search task displays with high and low load conditions and congruent and incongruent trials (neutral condition display is not shown).</p

Proportional accuracy on the multiple accuracy task for each of the <i>CHRNA4</i> genotype groups over load conditions.

<p>Error bars represent standard error of the mean.</p

Estimated effect size (partial eta squared) of <i>CHRNA4</i> genotype as a function of load condition in the multiple object task.

<p>Estimated effect size (partial eta squared) of <i>CHRNA4</i> genotype as a function of load condition in the multiple object task.</p

The multiple object tracking task procedure and a selection of trial displays.

<p>The multiple object tracking task procedure and a selection of trial displays.</p

Figure 5

<p>A: Mean accuracy in the visual search task for the <i>CHRNA4</i> C- group versus the C+ group as a function of load condition. B: Mean of median reaction time in the visual search task for the <i>CHRNA4</i> C- group versus the C+ group as a function of load condition. Error bars represent standard error of the mean.</p

Data_Sheet_1_A Pilot Study of a Parent Emotion Socialization Intervention: Impact on Parent Behavior, Child Self-Regulation, and Adjustment.PDF

Adequate emotion regulation in children is crucial for healthy development and is influenced by parent emotion socialization. The current pilot study aimed to test, for the first time in a Scandinavian population, whether an emotion-focused intervention, Tuning in to Kids (TIK), had positive effects on parent emotion-related socialization behaviors (ERSBs), and children's self-regulation, anxiety, and externalizing behavior problems. We conducted a controlled trial of the 6-week evidence-based TIK parenting program with 20 parents of preschool children aged 5–6 years and 19 wait-list controls. Assessments at baseline and 6 months after the intervention included parent-report questionnaires on parent ERSBs and child adjustment, as well as aspects of children's self-regulation assessed with two behavioral tasks, the Emotional Go/No-Go task (EGNG) and the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT). Results showed a significant increase in reported parent emotion coaching behavior and an uncorrected significant decrease in parents' report of child externalizing problems in intervention participants compared to controls. The behavioral data showed an uncorrected significant improvement in child emotion discrimination in the control condition compared to the intervention condition, while measures of children's executive control improved from baseline to follow-up for both conditions but were not significantly different between conditions. These findings suggest that this emotion-focused parenting intervention contributed to improvement in parents' emotion coaching and their appraisal of child externalizing problems, while children's self-regulation showed mainly normative developmental improvements. Further research with a larger sample will be the next step to determine if these pilot findings are seen in an adequately powered study.</p

Demographic data and clinical characterization of individuals participating in a faces matching functional MRI study.

<p>Abbreviations: BD, bipolar disorder; HC, healthy controls; SD, standard deviation; WASI, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence; IDS, Inventory of Depressive Symptoms; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale; PANSS P score, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive subscale; GAF-S, Global Assessment of Functioning–symptom score; GAF-F, Global Assessment of Functioning–function score; BD PGRS, bipolar disorder polygenic risk score; ms, milliseconds.</p><p>BD PGRS values are reported as z-scores (with SD in brackets).</p><p>Complete behavioral data (response times and accuracy rates per condition) were available for 80/85 BD and 119/121 HC. For the remaining individuals (5 BD, 2 HC), an accuracy rate for each session (i.e. a combined rate for negative faces and shapes, and for positive faces and shapes) was available and was used to confirm that the participants paid attention to the task (accuracy rate: 97.4% and 96.0%, respectively).</p><p>^a Mean age at fMRI scanning. Age range was 18 to 63.</p><p>^b IDS score at scanning was available for 60/85 individuals (70.6%).</p><p>^c YMRS score at scanning was available for 69/85 individuals (81.2%).</p><p>^d PANSS P score at scanning was available for 38/85 individuals (44.7%).</p><p>^e Last six months</p><p>Demographic data and clinical characterization of individuals participating in a faces matching functional MRI study.</p

Bipolar disorder polygenic risk score is positively correlated with BOLD activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus in the entire sample (N = 206) including bipolar disorder cases and healthy controls for the Negative Faces > Shapes contrast.

<p>Color bar indicates z values. Coordinates are given in MNI space. Y = 18 (coronal view), Z = 12 (transversal view). Abbreviations: R, right; A, anterior.</p

Significant clusters at whole-brain level for diagnostic category and polygenic risk score analyses, corrected for sex and age.

<p>*Remains significant after Bonferroni correction (8 independent tests)</p><p>^#P < 0.05 with IQ and education in model</p><p>Abbrevations: Pos, Positive; Neg, Negative; HC, healthy controls; BD, bipolar disorder; PGRS, polygenic risk score; L, left; R, right. ‘+’, positively associated; ‘-’, negatively associated.</p><p>Coordinates are given in MNS space.</p><p>Significant clusters at whole-brain level for diagnostic category and polygenic risk score analyses, corrected for sex and age.</p