Candida glycerinogenes-Promoted α‑Pinene and Squalene Co-production Strategy Based on α‑Pinene Stress

α-Pinene is a naturally occurring monoterpene, which is widely used in fragrances, cosmetics, and foods. Due to the high cellular toxicity of α-pinene, this work considered the application of Candida glycerinogenes, an effective industrial strain with high resistance, in α-pinene synthesis. It was found that α-pinene-induced stress resulted in an intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species with an increased formation of squalene as a cytoprotective compound. As squalene is a downstream product in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway for α-pinene synthesis, a strategy based on the promotion of α-pinene and squalene co-production under α-pinene stress is proposed. By introducing the α-pinene synthesis pathway and enhancing the MVA pathway, the production of both α-pinene and squalene is increased. We have demonstrated that intracellular synthesis of α-pinene is effective in promoting squalene synthesis. The generation of intercellular reactive oxygen that accompanies α-pinene synthesis promotes squalene synthesis with a resultant cellular protection and upregulation of MVA pathway genes that facilitate α-pinene production. In addition, we have overexpressed phosphatase and introduced NPP as a substrate to synthesize α-pinene, where co-dependent fermentation yielded 208 mg/L squalene and 12.8 mg/L α-pinene. This work establishes a viable strategy to promote terpene-co-dependent fermentation based on stress

Protein backbones of XYLPs in rice and Arabidopsis.

Protein backbones of XYLPs in rice and Arabidopsis

Multiple sequence alignments of the nsLTP domain of OsXYLPs and AtXYLPs.

Identical (100%), conservative (75-99%) and block (50-74%) of similar amino acid residues are shaded in black, red and light blue, respectively

Protein structure of rice XYLPs.

Gray boxes indicate the secretory signal sequence predicted by SignalP. The violet boxes indicate predicted GPI-anchored signal. Dark red straights indicate glycoprotein-like Pro/Ala/Ser/Thr-rich regions (PAST>35%). Light red circles with number indicate putative AG glycomodules and its number. Yellow and black boxes indicate nsLTP domains; black boxes indicate the eight conserved cysteine residues; the numbers in yellow boxes means the number of amino acid residues; the green boxes show the hydrophobic residues between C5 and C6

Table_1_Phylogenomic reappraisal of the family Rhizobiaceae at the genus and species levels, including the description of Ectorhizobium quercum gen. nov., sp. nov..XLSX

The family Rhizobiaceae contains 19 validly described genera including the rhizobia groups, many of which are important nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Early classification of Rhizobiaceae relied heavily on the poorly resolved 16S rRNA genes and resulted in several taxonomic conflicts. Although several recent studies illustrated the taxonomic status of many members in the family Rhizobiaceae, several para- and polyphyletic genera still needed to be elucidated. The rapidly increasing number of genomes in Rhizobiaceae has allowed for a revision of the taxonomic identities of members in Rhizobiaceae. In this study, we performed analyses of genome-based phylogeny and phylogenomic metrics to review the relationships of 155-type strains within the family Rhizobiaceae. The UBCG and concatenated protein phylogenetic trees, constructed based on 92 core genes and concatenated alignment of 170 single-copy orthologous proteins, demonstrated that the taxonomic inconsistencies should be assigned to eight novel genera, and 22 species should be recombined. All these reclassifications were also confirmed by pairwise cpAAI values, which separated genera within the family Rhizobiaceae with a demarcation threshold of ~86%. In addition, along with the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, a novel strain BDR2-2T belonging to a novel genus of the family Rhizobiaceae was also confirmed, for which the name Ectorhizobium quercum gen. nov., sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is BDR2-2T (=CFCC 16492T = LMG 31717T).</p

Achieving Superior High-Temperature Strength and Oxidation Resistance of TiAl Nanocomposite through In Situ Semicoherent MAX Phase Precipitation

Increasing the service temperature of TiAl intermetallics is the main challenge for the development of next-generation aircraft. Dispersion-strengthening, an effective means to further improve the high-temperature performance of metals, fails to implement in TiAl intermetallics due to difficulties in interface optimization. Here, we successively fabricate a TiAl naocomposite with fully lamellar microstructures and homogeneously dispersed Ti2AlC nanoprecipitates via spark plasma sintering. The composite consisted of semicoherent interfaces among γ-TiAl/Ti2AlC precipitates/α2-Ti3Al, in addition to continuous polysynthetic nanotwins. Strong pinning effects as well as strain-induced nanoscale TiCr2 precipitation uplift the operation temperature of TiAl nanocomposites by more than 50 °C. Furthermore, we experimentally proved that semicoherent interfaces among in situ Ti2AlC precipitates and its surrounding matrix serve as oxygen diffusion barrier during isothermal oxidization and significantly drop down the mass gain of TiAl nanocomposites during operation, making the present nanocomposite a highly potential candidate for use as light-weight structural materials in automotive and aerospace industries

Data_Sheet_1_Phylogenomic reappraisal of the family Rhizobiaceae at the genus and species levels, including the description of Ectorhizobium quercum gen. nov., sp. nov..PDF

The family Rhizobiaceae contains 19 validly described genera including the rhizobia groups, many of which are important nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Early classification of Rhizobiaceae relied heavily on the poorly resolved 16S rRNA genes and resulted in several taxonomic conflicts. Although several recent studies illustrated the taxonomic status of many members in the family Rhizobiaceae, several para- and polyphyletic genera still needed to be elucidated. The rapidly increasing number of genomes in Rhizobiaceae has allowed for a revision of the taxonomic identities of members in Rhizobiaceae. In this study, we performed analyses of genome-based phylogeny and phylogenomic metrics to review the relationships of 155-type strains within the family Rhizobiaceae. The UBCG and concatenated protein phylogenetic trees, constructed based on 92 core genes and concatenated alignment of 170 single-copy orthologous proteins, demonstrated that the taxonomic inconsistencies should be assigned to eight novel genera, and 22 species should be recombined. All these reclassifications were also confirmed by pairwise cpAAI values, which separated genera within the family Rhizobiaceae with a demarcation threshold of ~86%. In addition, along with the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, a novel strain BDR2-2T belonging to a novel genus of the family Rhizobiaceae was also confirmed, for which the name Ectorhizobium quercum gen. nov., sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is BDR2-2T (=CFCC 16492T = LMG 31717T).</p

Basic statistics of CHF and synthetic datasets.

<p>Basic statistics of CHF and synthetic datasets.</p

An example segment of EHR records, where visits could occur to different locations.

<p>Patients who are re-admitted to “inpatient hospital” within 30 days of their releases from “inpatient hospital” are considered readmissions.</p

The CONTENT model.

<p>The CONTENT model.</p