Enforced Disappearance and Untouching of the Perpetrators: The Case of Indonesia

This article discusess enforced human disappearances occurred in the process of transitioning from authoritarian regime to a democratic government of Indonesia in 1998. A number of pro-democracy activists enforced to disappear by perpetrators of human rights crimes. The perpetrators have never been processed legally as a form of accountability for the intended crime of humanity. It examines how the legal and analytical framework provided by international human rights law applies to enforced disappearances of pro democracy activists. It then reviews the factors that contribute to this phenomenon in different contexts, including the disappearance of pro democracy activists for political reasons. Keywords: Pro Democracy, Activists, Crime Against Humanit

Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine and its Impact on Global Geopolitics

On February 24, 2022, Russia attacked Ukraine. Here as consequence, Russia was subjected to a slew of international sanctions aimed at pressuring it to de-escalate the issue. Even though the economic sanctions issued against Russia were designed to harm this country, all of them had unintended consequences on the economic system of the world, essentially due to global supply chains disruptions. Power, commodities, as well as commerce flow disruptions emerged from the military attacks. Such issue resulted in energy costs got much higher, commodity prices, as well as food prices, all of which contributed to greater inflation on a worldwide scale in several nations. Despite the fact that many attempts of negotiation were created in resolving the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, its political, social, and economic impacts lasted in numerous countries of Europe and other regions around the world

Etika dan Tanggungjawab Profesi

Buku Ini Membahas Istilah Dan Pengertian Etika, Etika Dan Filsafat, Hubungan Antara Etika Dan Akhlak, Etika Jabatan, Erbedaan Pekerjaan Dengan Profesi, Pengertian, Ciri-Ciri Dan Standar Profesi, Etika Hukum, Tanggungjawab Profesi Dan Jenisnya, Pengertian Kode Etik Profesi, Kode Etik Profesi Hukum, Kode Etik Profesi Notaris, Jaksa, Advokat Hakim, Dan Polisi, Kewajiban, Pelanggaran Serta Pemberhentian Notaris, Kepribadian, Hubungan Dengan Klien, Teman Sejawat Dan Penegakan Kode Etik Advokat. Penulis ucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah mendukung dalam penyelesaian buku ini. Terutama pihak yang telah membantu terbitnya buku ini dan telah mempercayakan mendorong, dan menginisiasi terbitnya buku ini. Semoga buku ini dapat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat Indonesia

Hakikat Hak Kebebasan Beragama Dalam Pandangan Hukum

Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa, karena dengan berkah dan limpahan rahmatNya, sehingga Sesuai dengan konsep cultural relativism, kebebasan beragama di Indonesia sering dikaitkan dengan budaya lokal yang sangat pluralis atau berdasarkan kepercayaan agama mayoritas. Sementara konsep hak kebebasan beragama adalah bahwa individu sebagai pemilik hak alamiah dimana nilai moral melekat pada diri individu secara rasional1 atau berasal dari manusia itu sendiri2. Dengan meratifikasi konvensi internasional, khususnya ICCPR, berarti negara tunduk dan wajib melaksanakannya tanpa melihat komposisi budaya dan agama mayoritas atau minoritas, terlebih lagi bahwa negara sudah menjadi penandatangan terhadap konvensi sehingga secara hukum sudah terikat (binding) terhadap klausula kewajiban negara yang ditentukan di dalam konvensi. Dari uraian diatas terlihat bahwa hukum positif yang berlaku selama ini dianggap tidak mampu menyelesaikan masalah pelanggaran hak-hak beragama kelompok minoritas karena terkesan menghilangkan aspek fundamental kebebasan beragama dengan pembatasan-pembatasan seperti alasan moral publik, stabilitas dan keamanan negara yang dijadikan sebagai pertimbangannya. Karena aturan hukum positif tentang hak-hak kelompok agama minoritas belum mampu memberikan solusi, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian guna pengembangan selanjutnya. Akhir kata penulis berbesar hati apabila para pembaca sudi memberikan kritik, saran dan masukan dalam rangka proses penulisan dan karya berikutnya. Kesempurnaan hanya milik Tuhan, sementara kita hanya dapat berupaya

Metode Penelitian

Buku Referensi ini memberikan pemahaman tidak hanya kepada mahasiswa tetapi juga bagi para peneliti tentang konsep dan teknik penelitian, penulisan laporan, penulisan skripsi, tesis dan disertasi. Buku ini menggunakan contoh sederhana untuk mengungkap teori dan Metode yang kompleks. Buku ini sangat ideal bagi para peneliti dengan pengetahuan minimal tentang penelitian serta bagi para pembaca dengan pengetahuan menengah yang membutuhkan pemahaman yang cepat mengenai aspek-aspek tertentu dari desain dan Metode penelitian. Selama beberapa dekade telah banyak diskusi tentang apa yang dimaksud dengan penelitian, bagaimana penelitian itu harus dilakukan dan apakah metode tertentu 'lebih baik' dari pada yang lain. Oleh karena itu, penulis telah memasukkan setiap aspek penelitian ke dalam masing-masing bab. Buku yang disusun dengan baik ini membahas berbagai metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti. Buku Metode Penelitian ini direkomendasikan untuk digunakan mahasiswa program sarjana dan pascasarjana serta peneliti dari berbagai disiplin ilmu

Endonezya'da Seçimlerde Siyasi Dolandiricilik: İnsan Haklari Perspektifi = Political Fraud Of Election In Indonesia: A Human Rights Perspective

Bu çalışma, Endonezya'da demokrasinin hayati bir yönü olan Genel Seçimlere Siyasi Katılımdaki (PEMILU) yolsuzluğu analiz etmektedir. Seçimler, vatandaşların seçimlerde oy kullanmalarını sağlayan ve günlük hayatlarını yönlendiren kararları etkilemelerini sağlayan bir araçtır. Ancak Endonezya'da uygulama tersine dönmüş, seçilme ve oy kullanma hakları gasp edilmiş ve bu katılım hem Medeni ve Siyasi Haklar Sözleşmesi'nde hem de Genel Seçimler Yasası'nda düzenlenen asgari insan hakları standartlarını uygulamamaktadır. Yazar, güvenilir kaynaklardan elde edilen ikincil verileri kullanır ve verileri analiz ederken içerik yaklaşımı kullanır. Yazar, eşitlik ve insan hakları yasalarının seçim döneminde uygulanması ve işlemesi gerektiğini söylüyor. Anahtar Kelimeler: siyasi haklar; katılım; oy hakları. / This study analyzes fraud in Political Participation in General Elections (PEMILU), which is a vital aspect of democracy in Indonesia. Elections are a means that enable citizens to cast their votes in elections and influence the decisions that govern their daily lives. However, the implementation is reversed in Indonesia, the rights to be elected and to vote are hijacked and frauded. Participation does not apply the minimum standards of human rights regulated both in the Convention on Civil and Political Rights and the Law on General Elections. The author uses secondary data from reliable sources, and uses a content approach in analyzing the data. The author says that equality and human rights laws must apply and operate during the election period. Keywords: political rights; participation; voting right

Praktek Hukum Kelompok Minoritas Kristen Menjaga Hak Kebebasan Beragama

Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa, karena dengan berkah dan limpahan rahmatNya, sehingga Fakta empiris tentang kebebasan beragama di Indonesia setelah era reofrmasi sungguh menghawatirkan, Indonesia masuk dalam catatan buruk HAM dunia terkait dengan hak-hak untuk berkumpul secara damai termasuk untuk kepentingan peribadatan1. Penganiayaan dan kekerasan secara langsung terhadap kelompok agama minoritas ditopang infrastruktur hukum di Indonesia atas nama “kerukunan umat beragama,” yang praktiknya justru menggerogoti kebebasan beragama1. Korban pelanggaran kebebasan beragama tidak saja menimpa agama minoritas seperti Kristen tetapi juga Islam Ahmadiah, Shia dan Baha'i1, hingga “tahanan nurani” (prisoner of conscience)1. Pejabat pemerintah daerah kadang-kadang merespon tuntutan kelompok-kelompok intoleran dan / atau kekerasan (termasuk kelompok yang membawa nama agama), dan kadang-kadang bekerja sama dengan kelompok-kelompok tersebut untuk membatasi hak-hak kelompok minoritas untuk beribadah dengan damai. Pejabat pemerintah dan polisi kadang-kadang gagal untuk mencegah kelompok-kelompok intoleran melakukan tindakan paksa menutup rumah ibadah dan melakukan intimidasi dan tindakan kekerasan lainnya1. Dari uraian diatas terlihat bahwa hukum positif yang berlaku selama ini dianggap tidak mampu menyelesaikan masalah pelanggaran hak-hak beragama kelompok minoritas karena terkesan menghilangkan aspek fundamental kebebasan beragama dengan pembatasan-pembatasan seperti alasan moral publik, stabilitas dan keamanan negara yang dijadikan sebagai pertimbangannya. Karena aturan hukum positif tentang hak-hak kelompok agama minoritas belum mampu memberikan solusi, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian guna pengembangan selanjutnya. Akhir kata penulis berbesar hati apabila para pembaca sudi memberikan kritik, saran dan masukan dalam rangka proses penulisan dan karya berikutnya. Kesempurnaan hanya milik Tuhan, sementara kita hanya dapat berupaya

Impoverishment of the Poor and Derogation of Human Rights During the Covid‑19 Pandemic in Indonesia: Testing the Emergency Measure and Siracusa Principles in Large‑Scale Social Restriction

This study examines human rights restrictions in the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (or PSBB) during the Covid-19 out�break in Indonesia that do not follow the Siracusa Principles emergency measure and limitation clause. PSBB resulted in a prolonged human rights crisis due to inefective policies, manipulated data, and inadequate medical equipment. The author discusses the impact of Large-Scale Social Restrictions on socio-economic and socio-political rights and the government’s failure to overcome the Covid-19 outbreak with an interdisciplinary perspective. Findings from studies on the number of Covid-19 cases contracted and the high mortality rate are also presented. This study notes the consequences and the relation�ship between the inefectiveness of Large-Scale Social Restrictions and human misery. Keywords Restrictions of human rights · Emergency measure · Siracusa Principles · Proportionality · Violations · Human rights miser

Human Slavery During The Dutch Colonial Period: Indonesia And South Africa Experience

This study aims to compare human slavery in Indonesia and South Africa during Dutch colonialism. The Dutch experienced human slavery in the two colonized countries for quite a long time. This study looks to both traditional and modern models of human slavery. The authors compare human slavery in Indonesia with Slavery in South Africa, where both types of slavery were both carried out by the Dutch (colonialists), using the Forced Labor Model (Rodi) in Indonesia and the Slavery and Forced Labor Model in South Africa. The Petit concept inspires the author that slavery is essentially characterized by domination, not by actual interference: even if the slave's master proves entirely benign and permissive, he or she continues to dominate the slave. These models are consistent with the Dutch way of practicing slavery both in Indonesia and in South Africa. Following the two experiences in these two countries, the author discusses the international community's efforts by analyzing human rights legal instruments. This section emphasizes the need for greater international attention so that human slavery does not happen again. Keywords: Human slavery, Indonesia; South Africa; Dutch colonizatio