Calculated data showing relative changes in relative amounts of oxy/deoxy-Hb (values 8 min. after blood pooling started were set as standards).

<p>The data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. The averages and significance levels were calculated based on the measurements of the 7 subjects. Statistical significance at <i>P</i><0.05 is denoted by * and <i>P</i><0.01 is denoted by **.</p

Rationale of the experimental outline.

<p>(A) The application of our novel system for transcutaneous application of CO₂ (For the upper limb). (B) The application of our novel system for transcutaneous application of CO₂ (For the lower limb).</p

Intramuscular pH changes in the triceps surae muscle during transcutaneous application of CO₂ using ³¹P-MRS.

<p>The graph shows that pH decreases during the accumulation of CO₂. (n = 5) Graph data are expressed as means ± S.E.M.</p

pH changes in CO₂-absorbing solution during transcutaneous CO₂ application through the rat skin with or without the CO₂ hydrogel.

<p>The graph shows pH changes during CO₂ application with or without the CO₂ hydrogel. (n = 6). Graph data are expressed as means ± S.E.M.</p

Novel system for transcutaneous CO₂ application in the forearm with NIRS probe.

<p>Novel system for transcutaneous CO₂ application in the forearm with NIRS probe.</p

Measurement of oxygenated and deoxygenated Hb concentration during transcutaneous application of CO₂ using NIRS.

<p>(A) Continuous measurement of oxy and deoxy-Hb concentrations using NIRS with pooling blood by a pneumatic tourniquet. The bold lines demonstrate the CO₂ group data. All data show the changes in Hb concentrations from the starting point to the end point of measurement (n = 7). Data show the decrease in oxy-Hb and the increase in deoxy-Hb after pooling blood, followed by the greater decrease in oxy-Hb and greater increase in deoxy-Hb in CO₂ group after transcutaneous CO₂ application. (B) Relative changes in amounts of oxy/deoxy-Hb (the values 8 min. after blood pooling started were set as standards). Graph data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. The averages and significance checks were calculated based on measurements of the 7 subjects. Statistical significance at P<0.05 is denoted by *, and P<0.01 is denoted by **. The graph shows a significant decrease in oxy-Hb and increase in deoxy-Hb in the CO₂ group.</p

Measuring device to validate CO₂ hydrogel <i>in vitro</i> using rat skin.

<p>Measuring device to validate CO₂ hydrogel <i>in vitro</i> using rat skin.</p

Additional file 1 of Altered microRNA profile during fracture healing in rats with diabetes

Additional file 1:. Figure S

Additional file 2 of Altered microRNA profile during fracture healing in rats with diabetes

Additional file 2:. Figure S