Multivariate analyses of physical activity and sedentary behaviours and constipation.

#<p>adjusting for sex, age, perceived family affluence, fruit and vegetable intake, and depression and anxiety symptoms;</p><p>*p<0.05, **p<0.01.</p><p>Index: created after combining the three unhealthy behaviours (physical activity less than 1 hour/d, NEPA less than 1 hour/d, and screen time of at least 4 hours/d).</p

Background information of subjects with constipation and without constipation (N = 32371).

a<p>P value was from Student's t-test.</p>b<p>including TV/video watching and network use/computer games.</p><p>Abbreviations: NEPA (non-exercise physical activity), NA (Not applicable).</p>c<p>the sum of students in each category for each variable may not be equal to the total number due to missing values.</p

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for underweight in boys and girls.

<p>Apart from BMI, CBS had the greatest AUC in both boys and girls. (A) AUC for boys: self-reported BMI (0.89); CBS (0.82); self-reported WC (0.72); self-reported WSR (0.70). (B) AUC for girls: self-reported BMI (0.88); CBS (0.81); self-reported WC (0.77); self-reported WSR (0.76).</p

Optimal current body size cut-offs for overweight/obesity and underweight by sex and age.

<p>CBS: current body size; J: Youden index; LR+: positive likelihood ratio.</p

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for overweight/obesity in boys and girls.

<p>Self-reported BMI had the greatest AUC for both sexes. In boys, CBS had a higher AUC than WSR and WC, while in girls the AUCs of CBS, WSR and WC were comparable. (A) AUC for boys: self-reported BMI (0.89); CBS (0.85); self-reported WC (0.80); self-reported WSR (0.78). (B) AUC for girls: self-reported BMI (0.90); CBS (0.81); self-reported WC (0.82); self-reported WSR (0.82).</p

Mean (95% confidence interval, CI) and its difference of mental health related quality of life stratified by sex, satisfaction with family support (FS) and depressive symptoms.^a

*<p>P value for the difference in mental HRQoL between the reference group after adjusting for age, education level, drinking status, physical activity level, body mass index, number of chronic diseases, life stress, and neighborhood cohesion.</p>a<p>Measured by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), ≥10 indicated moderate and above levels of depressive symptoms severity. High FS, family APGAR score 7–10; low FS, family APGAR score 0–6.</p

Characteristics of the study sample and its difference between men and women. ^a.

a<p>P values for difference between men and women.</p>b<p>Unless otherwise indicated, data presented are mean (standard division).</p>c<p>US$1 = HK$7.8.</p>d<p>Summed by self-reported heart disease, stroke, diabetes, asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, gastrointestinal diseases, and cancer.</p>e<p>Total scores for each domain range from 0 to 100.</p>f<p>Measured by Family APGAR; higher scores indicate greater satisfaction with family support.</p>g<p>Perceived neighborhood social cohesion; scores range from 1 to 5, higher scores indicate greater social cohesion.</p

Representativeness of sample at household level (Number, %).

<p>Cohen’s <i>w</i> effect size: small 0.1, medium 0.3, large 0.5.</p

Mental health related quality of life (Mental HRQoL, bars) and their 95% confidence intervals in participants with depressive symptoms (PHQ-9≥10, 111 men and 228 women) and without depressive symptoms (PHQ-9<10, 7,196 men and 8,492 women) by sex.

<p>*Adjusting for age, education level, drinking status, physical activity level, body mass index, number of chronic diseases, life stress, and neighborhood cohesion.</p

Physical health related quality of life (Physical HRQoL, bars) and their 95% confidence intervals in participants with depressive symptoms (PHQ-9≥10, 111 men and 228 women) and without depressive symptoms (PHQ-9<10, 7,196 men and 8,492 women) by sex.

<p>*Adjusting for age, education level, drinking status, physical activity level, body mass index, number of chronic diseases, life stress, neighborhood cohesion, household monthly income and the number of person in a household.</p